“Owls” by Mary Oliver Rhetorical Analysis Essay

In this excerpt from â€Å"Owls† Mary Oliver writes with grave, and pensive to consider her towards nature by indicating the complexities of one’s response towards nature. Her usage of figurative language to visualizing the surrounds of the flowers, her metaphors to control the interpretation of the owls and her imagery of the yin and yang point of view in her essay to fully describe the owls and the flowers. Oliver’s use of figurative diction produces a vivid image for the reader to engulf themselves in. The thrilling description of the great horned owl in a tree, depicting the owls a â€Å"pure† hunter of the world. The author explains that the owls are â€Å"merciless† against other animals generating a predator that is fearless in his hunt for his prey. The author is constantly placing labels upon the owls such as â€Å"death-bringer† to associate the owl with the cause of death. The author’s use of imagery to create a contrasting view of nature such as a yin and yang portray. The owl represents the yin of these cynical unforgiving creatures of â€Å"razor-tipped toes† displaying a rough character that terrifies any other creatures. While the yang of the flowers is dream-like and serene â€Å"red and pink and white tents† that truly embody the light and joy; the two are compared even through their colors of these â€Å"night† and light characters of nature. Contrasting is a major focus which the author uses throughout the excerpt about the characters of nature. Oliver depicts the â€Å"screech owl on her wrist† to explain the complicated characters of nature. Even though this great horned owl is terrifying, Oliver still is in amazement of it. She says it would become the main purpose of her life. While â€Å"the scream of the rabbit† in â€Å"pain and hopelessness† is terrible, it is not comparable with the â€Å"scream of the owl† which is of â€Å"sheer rollicking glory.† Nature has extremes, and the owl is the extreme of terror. The flowers, however, represent the extreme of happiness. Through parallelism, Oliver exemplifies the happiness given by the fields of flowers. The flowers have â€Å"sweetness, so palpable† that it overwhelms Oliver. Henceforth, Oliver though the use of diction her creates shift in the tone of the piece from cynical to serene. By translating from death and predator-prey owls to â€Å"immobilizing happiness† flowers, she primarily used contrasting views and lots of imagery to convey her view of nature different characters.

P1 -Unit 8: Business Communication Through Documentation

Unit 8: Business Communication through Documentation Title: Identify, using examples, the purposes of written business communications in four different business contexts Written Business Communications Introduction: John Lewis, as a business, was founded in 1864 when it was just a shop  on  Oxford Street, which expanded over the years to become the third largest retailer in the UK. John Lewis is a Public Limited Company, this means that anyone with the right capital can buy (or sell) their shares within the business, in order to become a share-holder and receive dividends from profits.In addition, as a business, John Lewis sells various products and has a variety of over 80,000 products ranging from clothes to furniture, in order to suit and cater to the needs of any of their customers . Furthermore, in this assignment I will be investigating the retailer John Lewis and its operations; in order to determine examples of effective written business communications, with the use of do cumentation. Written Business Communications Effective communication within a business (John Lewis) is essential, in order to ensure their success and profitability.But Firstly, What is Communication? Communication can be defined as â€Å"the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another† [2]. This means that without communication, information or ideas cannot be utilized and no aspect of John Lewis can function properly. For example, if the delivery department cannot communicate with individual stores; therefore this means that John Lewis can’t coordinate with the individual stores, in order to determine what new stock is needed at any particular time.This results in John Lewis being unable to restock their stores properly, meaning products not needed are delivered for example. As a result, John Lewis looses out on potential customers and repeat sales, because consumers who wanted to purchase a specific product couldn’t due to the stock u navailability, leading to a loss in potential sales, repeat sales and profits for the business in the short and long term. Secondly, communication within John Lewis happens in various different methods, such as written, verbal and electronic.However in this assignment we will only be discussing the written communication aspects of John Lewis. There are various written documentation which are communicated throughout john Lewis. For example, letters, memos, text, faxes and emails are just some of the formal or informal communication methods used by businesses in the modern age. A written business document is a way of getting a message across internally and externally by employees or customers of John Lewis. There are various ways of written communication that are used by businesses.For example, depending of the situation an employee of john Lewis may need to contact their branch manager and the quickest, but maybe not the most formal way of doing so, would be by texting them [3]. Addi tionally, there are many forms of written communication, such as agenda’s, e-mails, letters, memorandums, reports, notices and minutes. A written business document is used as a type of communication as it is seen as a more formal and professional way to communicate internally and externally within a business.Purposes of Written Communication Most businesses understand that communication is crucial for successful business operations. The ways we conduct our business activities is changing rapidly, as a result communication, especially written has become essential, in order to deliver messages and information to any aspect or individual within the business. As a result, if used successfully the purpose of written communication, in my opinion, is to deliver information, in order to coordinates and establish successful business activities.This leads to an increase sales, and an increase in the profit in the long term for John Lewis. The purpose leads to the crucial question why d o we use written communication? Written communication can be used in various ways, depending on the sender and receiver of the information. For example, a manger will inform the owners or directors, by producing a written report telling them which products are selling better than other’s within a period of time. This form of written communication will be strictly professional and formal, informing them about changes in the business and there actives.However if an employee wanted to inform another member of staff about other issues then they could just email or text them, meaning a simpler, reliable and effective written communication process. Furthermore, it’s not only the internal customers but also external consumers who can communicate in a written manner with john Lewis. For example, a customer would communicate in a written manner with john Lewis if they have a complaint with any aspect of the business; such as a faulty product, leading to a customer having to ema il John Lewis regarding replacement of the product.In addition, a customer can also communicate with John Lewis because they have an inquiry to make regarding products or services provided by them. These are just some of the various reasons that customer make written enquires to John Lewis. Types of Written Communication Business Context| Document| Context(manager-employee or employee-costumer )| Purpose| Formal| Letter| Supplier to John Lewis,| To make an appointment to see the manager about supply of raw materials needed to produce the products in the production department of John Lewis. | Formal| Agendas | Set out topics to be covered at a meeting.An manger will send it to the employees he wants to come to the meeting | Usually sent out before a meeting to all the people that are meant to attend and inform attendees| Formal| Reports| Information, research and analysis on a specific aspect of a business,| Provides detail to help the businesses with decision making. So the purpose of this will be to inform an employee | Formal| Minutes of the meetings| A record of what actually took place at a meeting between manager and employees | It also records who attended the meeting, what was discussed nd how long and when the meeting took place and to confirm meeting feedback| Informal | Memorandums| They are mainly used for quick communication within a business, college to college | They are short, simple information meant to get your message across within a business, to the receiver and its purpose is to inform a staff member of manager what is going to happen or needs to happen | Formal | Schedules| Schedules are lists of planned activities or tasks that need to be completed and could be used between staff and managers | It is almost like a plan for the business, which can come in many forms such as lists or timetables and it is used to instruct people what to do | Informal | Notices| Important information on displays, or boards in order to inform employees or anyo ne associated with the business for example the marketing department and employees | This is done in order to notify and display general information which should be accessible to all members of staff. | The table above shows the various types of written communication methods, and their purposes. ConclusionIn conclusion I would state that this assignment has highlighted the importance of communication and especially the importance of written communication within John Lewis. Also I have discovered the various types of communication and why the different parties (such as customer, employees, suppliers) involved would use each method that suited their needs, as explained within the assignment. Bibliography – 1. NW-Link http://www. nwlink. com/~donclark/leader/leadcom. html Accessed on 24/09/2012 2. E-How http://www. ehow. co. uk/info_7785121_types-written-business-communication. html Accessed on 24/09/2012 3. E-How http://www. ehow. com/about_5563166_purpose-business-communicatio n. html Accessed on 24/09/2012 4. John Lewis http://www. johnlewis. com/ Accessed on 24/09/2012

Containerization, Unitized Cargo and Cargo Containers

ONCEPT OF CONTAINERIZATION The conteainerization is a physical distribution method that uses a container as a way of tranporting the cargo. Is an inter-modal system of transporting the general cargo or product in lots. With containerization goods are moved easier from one place to another with the help of the containers which can be loaded intact onto the container ships, trucks, railroad cars and planes. Nowadays, containerization is the innovative key in the field of logistics that helps to organize cargo in an efficient, better and save way.Benefits of containerization If you visit a port, you would notice that all shipping containers are very similar in form. The introduction of containerization has revolutionised the way cargo is handled. The standardization of container sizes, shapes, and forms lowered freight charges and costs. Containerization also improved cargo security. First, the box effectively hides whatever cargo from the casual viewer. Next, the container doors are se aled upon closing. The doors also prevent the cargo from falling out the back of the box.Finally, uniformly sized shipping containers reduce railway cargo problems that are caused by incompatible rail measures in different countries, making trans-shipment between different measure trains faster and easier. When transporting goods to an international location, there are many container ships that run regular routes to a variety of destinations. This helps the customer to receive the order in less time. CONTAINERIZED CARGO LOSS CONTROL—CONTAINERIZED CARGO The use of intermodal containers for the transport of a great variety of cargo has become increasingly popular in recent years. Intermodalism is a oncept that embraces the movement and transfer of standardized cargo containers by sea, air and surface. It has greatly reduced cargo handling, particularly in Door-to-Door shipments.The development of specialized containers with a wide range of types, sizes and configurations permit s containerization of most cargo. Undamaged arrival of the complete shipment at destination is the first objective of the shipper. In committing goods to containerized transport, the shipper can reduce losses by: * Select the proper container service. * Selecting the right type of container for the goods in question. Inspecting the container to ensure proper accommodation and protection of goods. * Packaging goods to withstand the hazards of the â€Å"toughest leg of the journey. † * Stowing and securing goods in the container to prevent damage to the goods, container ? and transport vehicle. * Properly describing and documenting the container contents, locking and sealing the ? container and recording container and seal numbers on all shipping documents. * Timely unloading at destination. Intermodal variations ?The popular intermodal container, adaptable to carriage by truck, railcar, and some other, is the most common form of containerization.The considerations governing pr eparation and storage of the cargo in these containers are no longer applicable to other methods of cargo transport. Cargo Containers? 1. End Loading, Fully Enclosed— The basic intermodal container with end doors, suitable for general cargo not requiring environmental control while enroute. 2. Side Loading, Fully Enclosed— Equipped with side doors for use in stowing and discharge of cargo where it is not practical to use end doors, as when the container must remain on a railcar while cargo is placed in or removed from the container. 3.Open Top—Used for carriage of heavy, bulky or awkward items where loading or discharge of the cargo through end or side doors is not practical. Most open top containers are equipped with fabric covers and are often termed â€Å"soft† or â€Å"rag† top containers. Some open top versions are fitted with removable hatch-type panel covers or detachable full metal roof. 4. Ventilated—Equipped with ventilating ports on ends or sides, and used for heat generating cargo or cargo requiring protection from condensation (sweat) damage. Versions with powered air-circulating fans are available.Vents are normally fitted with baffles to prevent entry of sea or rain water. 5. Insulated—For cargo that should not be exposed to rapid or sudden temperature changes. Available in ventilated or non-ventilated versions. Some carriers provide containers with heating systems for special applications. 6. Refrigerated—Insulated and equipped with a built-in refrigeration sys-tem, powered by direct electrical connection or by diesel or gasoline generator. It is used primarily for foods or other commodities requiring a temperature con-trolled environment. 7. Liquid Bulk—Tank-type containers for carriage of liquids.Some have been designed to high level specifications for carriage of certain hazardous materials. 8. Dry Bulk—Designed for carriage of bulk cargo such as dry chemicals and grains. 9. Flat Rack—Available in a variety of sizes and models, the flat racks are used for lumber, mill products, large, heavy, bulky items, machinery and vehicles. Some are equipped with removable sides. 10. Auto — Used for carriage of vehicles and available in enclosed or open versions.? 11. Livestock — Configured for the nature of livestock carried; containers are available for transporting poultry, cattle and other livestock.Also, transport boxes can be loaded onto flats. 12. Controlled Atmosphere—-These systems carry a cylinder of liquid nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Through computer-based controls, the atmosphere within the container can be maintained at preset levels to meet requirements of commodity carried. Used mainly in the transport of produce to extend the post-harvest and storage life. 13. High Cube—These containers are used for high volume/low weight cargo and can greatly increase the cubic area available for cargo stowage. High cube contai ners are in heights to 9. 5 feet and to lengths of a maximum of 48 feet. 4. Garment—With special tie downs and internal ceiling fittings, this container can handle hanging garments. UNITIZED CARGO It a system used to transport goods that are packaged in small volumes, can be consolidated or grouped into a single large volume (container), making sure that those godos are not easily destroyed. At the same time, it facilitates the handling and loading cargo or unloading of it. Unitarization It is the aggrupation of shipment in the corresponding type of package that is over a pallet and secure from damages to manipulate transport and warehouse as a whole unit of load.One of the first attempts of unitarizing the cargo is within the pallet, that is about placing the shipment over a platform, which is constructed with a variety of materials. Actually, pelleting and containerizing are the most common modalities of unitarizing the cargo. Unitarized cargo is composed of individual arti cles such as boxes, packages and other elements are originally separated and then grouped together as pallets or containers. In other words unitarization is the merchandise ready to be transported. There are some norms that have been developed to facilitate this process.For example, one is the ISO 3394 that ha to do with the size and dimensions of the boxes and pallets. Another norm is ISO 7000 that has to do with the code bars in the merchandize. Unitarization in containers is very important because it helps to maintain and preserve the merchandise in good conditions, is easier to transport it and it helps to save space in all the process of storage. And, when unitarizing cargo, in international markets, is very important to be informed of the rules and techniques that are followed by the Country for doing packing.Advantages of unitarization Optimization of time when manipulating the cargo in warehouses, cargo terminals, and in the unload of cargo in ports. It facilitates the recep tion and control in the delivery of merchandise. Well use of space and reduction of damages when the merchandise is handled. Simplifies the management of inventory and improves the identification of products. It provides multiple use in the process of production, goods transportation, international transportation, in the storage and warehousing.

Compare and contrast the rationalist and empiricist strategies( Essay

Compare and contrast the rationalist and empiricist strategies( Descartes vs. Locke) - Essay Example Even as this school of thought was popularized through Cartesian philosophy it has an extended lineage within philosophical schools of thought, dating from Greek antiquity to the modernist school exemplified by Immanuel Kant. It is not surprise then that there are a variety of competing perspectives on the issue, each of which can be situated along this philosophical continuum as they necessitate differing types of emphasis on the primacy of rational thought in the acquisition of knowledge. In terms of the Cartesian’ perspective, it was emphasized that only foundational truths could be understood through pure reason; different realities could only be grasped through scientific knowledge. The main crux of Descartes’ thought in the matter was that the physical world cannot completely be trusted to provide the thinker with a pure and unobstructed view of reality. In these regards, there is presented the famous deliberation on reality centered around dreams, as how is it po ssible for the individual to understand their existence is real as they could possibly be dreaming. For Descartes, thought and rational insight then becomes the basis for all reality. From the converse perspective, empirical knowledge constitutes the school of philosophical thought that argues the only knowledge that can be obtained is through experience.

Describe recruitment and selection process among U.S police Essay

Describe recruitment and selection process among U.S police departments during the last half of the nineteenth centry (i.e., the first fifty years of policing) - Essay Example Police departments were organised as per political affiliations. Police in these early days was organised under police chiefs. These police chiefs were appointed by political bosses. These political bosses ensured that the police chiefs and the subsequent police mechanisms remained subservient to them. Corruption was the order of the day in order to satisfy the political bosses’ aims and objectives. The common man was harassed by utilising the police framework so as to secure political domination. The presence of political machines meant that political bosses were on the lookout for ways to offset the balance of power in their favour. Cops were recruited by political machines in an effort to encourage citizens to vote for the â€Å"right† political candidate. Often police brutality ensured that the wishes of the political bosses were carried out in letter and spirit. Police was used to exert political influence by intimidating, intruding and pressurising ordinary people and businesses. Corruption was reduced to a complete system. Payoffs on massive scales ensured that the policemen remained loyal to a political side. Crime was organised as robberies, extortions, gambling and other illegal activities were carried out systematically. Another tendency of this era was earmarking police personnel as per their political affiliations. Often as political machines waned, so did the police framework supporting them. Each political machine ensured that â€Å"their cops† were placed in active duty to protect their interests. These early tendencies for police brutality and corruption were in line with the sociological facets of the time. People were not politically organised in coherent regimes to ensure that police corruption could be settled through political resolve. Moreover, the presence of corrupt politicians backed by clandestine businesses ensured that the police framework remained in line with their demands and

HSBC bank regulations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

HSBC bank regulations - Assignment Example Regulation in the banking industry is referred to financial regulation, which means a regulatory framework for maintaining integrity of financial systems in different countries and regions (Samuels, et al., 2005). Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) is one of the leading banks on the global scene with its headquarters based in London, United Kingdom. The bank operates in over 87 countries across Europe, Hong Kong, the US, Australia and the Asia Pacific region (Samuels, et al., 2005). The bank offers a wide range of to its clients including corporate investment banking, personal banking services, commercial banking and markets private banking. The bank has experienced considerable growth in terms of share price and the bank is also the third largest banking corporation in terms of asset ownership. The main competitors of HSBC bank are Barclays bank and the Royal Bank of Scotland (Christopher and Robert, 2006). HSBC bank operates in about 87 countries representing different jurisdictions with different sets of legal structures and financial laws. The bank’s global structure is subject to regulation from the different regulatory organizations in each jurisdiction to operate (Christopher and Robert, 2006). Different sets of laws have had different impacts on the bank over the years and have helped to shape the current structure of the bank in terms of the services offered and its organizational structure. The regulation environment of the HSBC bank affects the banks human resource management strategy, business strategy and customer relationship strategy. The bank has had to conform to different regulations over the years due to changes in the political environment of different countries in which the bank operates (Samuels, et al., 2005). Following the global financial crisis of 2007, several banks including the HSBC bank were affected adversely and had

How organizations or manager effectively to use structural and Essay

How organizations or manager effectively to use structural and transactional approaches to prevent or alleviate the stress at work - Essay Example These refer to the psychosocial working conditions in the work place that cause individual stress and negative emotional experience in the workplace. The best explanation of this approach is the Karasek’s Demand-Control Model which explains that when the job demands are high and control over the outcome is low, the individual is highly stressed and especially over the performance outcome. When the demands of the job are low and the control is low as well, the job is passive. This is equally similar to when the demands are low and the control is high as the worker will still experience low strain and hence minimal stress (Barley, Meyerson & Grodal, 2011). In order to prevent this type of stress, it is important to balance the demand even if the control will still be high. This will mean providing a work-life balance which will minimize the demand as well as handle employee relations effectively while still balancing the issue of increased computerization in the workplace which is not only demanding but draining and controlling (Barley, Meyerson & Grodal, 2011). This is the approach which deals purely with the psychological mechanisms and stressors. According to this approach, work stress is caused majorly by psychological issues such as the process of appraisal, decision making and even lack of coping mechanisms in each and every employee. It is the work environment that demands a lot from an individual leading to threatening their psychological well-being and hence hindering performance. In order to alleviate work place stress identified by this approach, it is important to identify which are the psychological stressors in the work place first. Other than those mentioned above of decision making and appraisal, others include the emotional demands of the work which are likely to cause emotional breakdown which is psychological. There is also the workplace violence, harassment, bullying or even discrimination that is directed towards

Practices of Research in Art, Design and Education Essay

Practices of Research in Art, Design and Education - Essay Example The publication manifests an original piece of art from Shakespeare’s imagination (Rall, 2011). Many artists have performed this play (Reagan, 1999) leading to its popularity and winning global art awards (Morgan, 1999). The play involves three interconnecting plots that have different characters that connect at the wedding celebration of the Duke of Athens and Hippolyta. Indeed, the plot entails the adventures of six amateurs and four young Athenian lovers in the forest where a band of fairies control and manipulate the amateurs and Athenian lovers. The play depicts the struggles in love life as the Duke of Athens and Hippolyta suffers numerous challenges before getting married (Morgan, 1999). Notably, a band of fairies in the forest controlled and manipulated the amateurs and Athenian lovers in the play. The publication also defines the place of women in marriage or in a love affair through the various scenes of the play. The four puppets in the play depict the four young Athenian lovers. As such, the theme of love’s difficulty dominates the play as the characters go through troubled romantic relationships before getting married (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014). The themes of dreams and magic also manifest in the play as various characters use dreams to explain the troubled romantic relationships in the play and misuse magic to cause problems in the play. Feminism is another theme that dominates in this publication. In this context, the publication relates to the marriage of Duke of Athens and Hippolyta. This followed the Athenian law that condemned daughters to death for failing to obey their father’s will, which manifests feminism. In this publication, society regards marriage as a social achievement for women. However, this society holds little value for marriage with respect to men. In this publication, the women are under the control of their husbands and a band of fairies,

Apple's Make-vs.-Buy Decision Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Apple's Make-vs.-Buy Decision - Research Paper Example Another appropriate approach for Apple to recruit talent is to hold a job fair in technical schools and universities where there is an abundant supply of fresh and raw talents which Apple can mold according to its company culture. 2. Describe the recruiter traits and behaviors that would lead to the most successful recruiting campaign for Apple. Apple is in a very competitive industry where hiring the best and the brightest is also a competition among the industry players. Having this kind of environment, it is necessary that the recruiter has to have the traits that attract the best and the brightest and represents Apple well as an organization. The critical trait that a recruiter in Apple must have is its high aptitude and learning curve in technology. The best and the brightest employees are also equally discerning about their potential employers and sees the company through its representative- the recruiter. It would then necessary to impress potential recruits that Apple is the company that they could grow professionally when they work for the company. When it comes to behavior, the recruiter does not have to rigid which is typical among HR personnel in the corporate world, but could be casual as long the recruiter knows the job and the industry. Professionalism in the IT industry is gauge not by its appearance but what it can do. Its founder in fact, Steve Jobs was known to be fond of wearing jeans in coming to work. 3. Suggest three (3) ways that Apple can effectively plan for HR resources. Rank in order of cost to implement. a. Institute and strengthen employee retention program Apple should institute and strengthen its employee retention program so that it would not lose them to competition and embark again in a costly effort of recruiting new talents. Just like getting new customers, recruiting employees can also be costly in terms of opportunities lost (Dernovsek, 2008) due to the absence of talents that would do specific task. In short, Apple must f irst arrest any employee turnover before embarking with any recruitment program. b. Hold job fair Job fairs are relatively cost efficient way of recruiting the right talent (Guld, 2007). It has to be conducted in the university campus or onsite to â€Å"capture† the market of potential talents. In addition, the remuneration requirements of these potential employees are not also that costly compared to a seasoned employee because they will be joining the company at an entry pay grade. c. Buy another company While this may be convenient way of having the necessary talent for the company to do the internal manufacture of chips for Apple, it could be expensive and therefore requires careful consideration before making the purchase because it may affect the company’s bottom line if the acquisition proves to be wrong. 4. Discuss the benefits that forecasting provides for Apple. Forecasting talent need and its accompanying cost provides Apple the advantage of foresight. Forec asting places Apple in a unique and better position to prepare now for what is needed in the future so that when the demand rises for their microchips and intend to do it internally, they already have the talent to get it done. Recruiting the necessary talent when the need is already there may be considered too late because there is a gap between the actual need and respond time of the company’

Online Services Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Online Services - Assignment Example Banner Ads - In this method, WFTI will have to buy advertisement runs for a period of time after which it has to renew its advertising slot. Banner ads are available or sold as number of impressions. These impressions are generally sold in chunks of 100,000 to 1000,000 over a particular period of time. These banners are generally sold by publishers on specific section of the host website’s web page. Advantages – In this option, both the publisher and WFTI knows how many impressions they need to buy and for how long. This will simplifies the budget of WFTI and will also give flexibility to test the advertising model. Disadvantage – This method is less effective compared to social media ads. Its biggest disadvantage is that the customer may view banner ads but not click on it. Also the user may simply ignore it or over see the ads if they do not find it interesting. Social Network Advertising - This type of advertising is targeted to the social networking site users. The advantage of using this type of advertising is that the demographic information of the users can be obtained very easily. This will help the company target its products according to demand of users and their preferences. It can be further divided in two types of advertising: Direct advertisement based on users and their friend’s network – Based on the feedback of the friend group, the next user may see the advertisement messages.

Peacekeeping and Collective Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Peacekeeping and Collective Security - Essay Example If the UN is to maintain its credibility, he says, it has to conserve its resources--unless its members are prepared to approach peacekeeping in a more serious and generous spirit. On May 13th Mr Boutros Ghali told the Security Council that it was impractical to send UN peacekeepers to Bosnia while the war there was still pursued with such ferocity. If the council members wanted to intervene, they should not try to do so on the cheap; they would have to consider sending in tens of thousands of troops equipped with offensive capability. Even if they opted, at this stage, only for armed escorts to protect the relief convoys, they would have to think along similarly expansive lines; a convoy led by the UN had been brutally ambushed by Muslim militiamen. But the council, ignoring his warning, voted two days later for the provision of armed escorts without going into their military needs. The new secretary-general, who for many years was the eminence grise of Egyptian foreign policy, is not a table-thumper, a politician or even a good speaker. But he is beginning to show a sure touch and may be less worried than his predecessor about making enemies. One sign of this is his readiness to accuse the council of telling him to find people to do difficult and dangerous things without giving them the wherewithal to do them. He believes that when regional groups are strong, as the European Community supposedly is, they should work more consistently to bring about a peace. The UN peacekeeping operation is kept permanently and humiliatingly on the verge of bankruptcy. If the Security Council insists on sending a force into Bosnia without adequate political and military backing, the result on the ground could be a cruel farce. The background to Mr Boutros Ghali's caution is that the newly assertive ambassadors at the Security Council, unlocked from American-Soviet rivalry, are trying to do something exciting, but they are doing it by stealth rather than accepting that there may have to be changes in approach. The argument for stealth is that pragmatism works; attempts to bring the changes into daylight could open a box of troubles. One of the troubles is the membership of the council itself: the five permanent members are the victors of the Second World War. Japan, murmuring from the outside, wants to join the permanent five by the time the UN has its 50th anniversary in 1995. More important, the new peacekeeping operations exploding around the council's head are no longer of the traditional kind and do not necessarily call for traditional answers, let alone traditional fund-raising. That the UN charter makes no mention of peacekeeping'' is handy since it lets members be inventive in stretching the international peace and security'' criterion. Iraq's invasion of Kuwait was exceptional in being the type of conflict the charter writers had in mind. Most of the conflicts with which the UN is now involved are civil or ethnic--domestic matters into which the Security Coun

Reaction Paper Essay Example for Free

Reaction Paper Essay Fifth Year Student. It was held at Lyceum of the Philippines University Batangas Campus I was excited for the seminar, because I know that I will learn a lot of things to enhance my knowledge as an Industrial Engineering student. The objective of the seminar is to know the knowledge and skills that can be gained and achieved from the services offered by a certain individual. The first speaker was Engr. Romeo Gamboa, and his topic was all about Safety awareness. He taught us about the benefits of having safety in our daily activities. We as an individual who makes decisions, we need to think first before doing the action in order to ensure our safety. Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions In a place can lead to an accident that can interrupt an activity, cause an individual Into an injury or death, and damage to a property. Every person needs to be concern In terms of safety awareness to have a fruitful life that is far from accident. Second speaker was Engr. Felix Vergara, and his topic was all about Operations Research. He discusses us all about operations needed In order to be an efficient ngineer and for the company to be more competitive. Different operations research approaches are needed to maximize profit and minimize cost, Innovates systems, and to solve different problems faced by a company. We as Industrial Engineers should continually think of different operations that are needed to help the company Increase Its level of competence and to take more advantage over the other company. Third speakers were from the Philippine Red Cross, their topic was all about first aid, and they taught us to be responsible In every accident that we can face. It Is ood to learn the seven principles of Red Cross; Humanity, Impartiality, Neutrality, Independence, Voluntary Movement, Unity, and Universality. These principles cover the maln objective which Is to save life of every person whom Is In vulnerable situations. It Is needed for an Individual to learn what to do In case of an accident. Every Individual should be knowledgeable and skilled In terms of glvlng first ald to save life ofa person. Overall, the seminar taught me that In every service that I lend, It Is right to make It In a proper manner. Also to gain knowledge and skills that helps me to Improve yself and to be more proflclent Industrial Engineer for the near future. By zner010021 action in order to ensure our safety. Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions in a place can lead to an accident that can interrupt an activity, cause an individual into an injury or death, and damage to a property. Every person needs to be concern in terms of Research. He discusses us all about operations needed in order to be an efficient approaches are needed to maximize profit and minimize cost, innovates systems, and increase its level of competence and to take more advantage over the other company. d, and they taught us to be responsible in every accident that we can face. It is the main objective which is to save life of every person whom is in vulnerable situations. It is needed for an individual to learn what to do in case of an accident. Every individual should be knowledgeable and skilled in terms of giving first aid to Overall, the se minar taught me that in every service that I lend, it is right to make it in a proper manner. Also to gain knowledge and skills that helps me to improve myself and to be more proficient Industrial Engineer for the near future.

Proactive and Reactive Cyber Forensics Investigation Process

Proactive and Reactive Cyber Forensics Investigation Process PROACTIVE CYBER FORENSIC ANALYSIS Proactive And reactive cyber forensics investigation processes: A Systematic Literature Review(SLR) A multi-component framework of cyber forensics investigation Abstract—Digital Forensics can be defined as the ensemble of methods, tools and techniques used to collect, preserve and analyze digital data originating from any type of digital media involved in an incident with the purpose of extracting valid evidence for a court of law. In it investigations are usually performed as a response to a digital crime and, as such, they are termed Reactive Digital Forensic (RDF). This involves identifying, preserving, collecting, analyzing, and generating the final report. Although RDF investigations are effective, they are faced with many challenges, especially when dealing with anti-forensic incidents, volatile data and event reconstruction. To tackle these challenges, Proactive Digital Forensic (PDF) is required. By being proactive, DF is prepared for incidents. In fact, the PDF investigation has the ability to proactively collect data, preserve it, detect suspicious events, analyze evidence and report an incident as it occurs. Index Terms—Digital forensics, Digital Proactive Forensics, Digital reactive forensics, Digital device storage, digital crime, Anti forensics, multi component framework Introduction Computer crimes have increased tremendously and their degree of sophistication has also advanced, the volatility and dynamicity of the information that flows between devices require some proactive investigation. The reactive investigation is now becoming less practical since the increased sizes of the data that is being investigated and underlying technology of the devices that change tremendously make the tools made for digital reactive forensics useless In order to investigate anti-forensic attacks and to promote automation of the live investigation, a proactive and reactive functional process has been proposed.. The phases of the proposed proactive and reactive digital forensics investigation process have been mapped to existing investigation processes. The proactive component in the proposed process has been compared to the active component in the multi- component framework. All phases in the proactive component of the new process are meant to be automated. To this end, a theory for the proactive digital forensics is necessary to lay down a strong foundation for the implementation of a reliable proactive system. I. Anti-Forensics The term anti-forensics refers to methods that prevent forensic tools, investigations, and investigators from achieve- ing their goals. Two examples of anti-forensic methods are data overwriting and data hiding. From a digital investigation perspective, anti-forensics can do the following: Prevent evidence collection. Increase the investigation time. Provide misleading evidence that can jeopardize the whole investigation. Prevent detection of digital crime. To investigate crimes that rely on anti-forensic methods, more digital forensic investigation techniques and tools need to be developed, tested, and automated. Such techniques and tools are called proactive forensic processes. Proactive forensics has been suggested in. To date, however, the definition and the process of proactive forensics have not been explicated. II. Proactive digital forensics Proactive Digital Forensic Component has the ability to proactively collect data, preserve it, detect suspicious events, gather evidence, carry out the analysis and build a case against any questionable activities. In addition, an automated report is generated for later use in the reactive component. The evidence gathered in this component is the proactive evidence that relates to a specific event or incident as it occurs. As opposed to the reactive component, the collection phase in this component comes before preservation since no incident has been identified yet. Phases under the proactive component are defined as follows: Proactive Collection: automated live collection of predefined data in the order of volatility and priority, and related to a specific requirement of an organization or incident. Proactive Preservation: automated preservation, via hashing, of the evidence and the proactively collected data related to the suspicious event. Proactive Event Detection: detection of suspicious event via an intrusion detection system or a crime-prevention alert. Proactive Analysis: automated live analysis of the evidence, which might use forensics techniques such as data mining and outlier detection to sup- port and construct the initial hypothesis of the incident. Report: automated report generated from the proactive component analysis. This report is also important for the reactive component and can serve as the starting point of the reactive investigation.[1] III Reactive Digital Forensics It the traditional or post-mortem approach of investigating a digital crime after an incident has occurred. This involves identifying, preserving, collecting, analyzing, and generating the final report. Two types of evidence are gathered under this component: Active: Active evidence refers to collecting all live (dynamic) evidence that exists after an incident. An example of such evidence is processes running in memory. Reactive : refers to collecting all the static evidence remaining, such as an image of a hard drive. Previous Work Proactive Vs Reactive Forensics Investigation framework Complexity of Digital Forensics investigation Digital attacks are so complex that it is hard to investigate them forensically. The elements involved in a digital crime are located in a large multidimensional space and cannot be easily identified. With the increase of storage size and memory sizes, and the use of parallelism, virtualization and cloud, the parameters to take into account during an investigation can even become unmanageable. Five fundamental principles The five fundamental principles are stated below: Principle 1 Consider the entire system. This includes the user space as well as the entire kernel space, file system, network stack, and other related subsystems. Principle 2 Assumptions about expected failures, attacks, and attackers should not control what is logged. Trust no user and trust no policy, as we may not know what we want in advance. Principle 3 Consider the effects of events, not just the actions that caused them, and how those effects may be altered by context and environment. Principle 4 Context assists in interpreting and understanding the meaning of an event. Principle 5 Every action and every result must be processed and presented in a way that can be analyzed and understood by a human forensic analyst. These five are for reactive analysis , for proactive there must be some new principles. Soltan Abed Albari proposed the following two : Principle 6 Preserve the entire history of the system. Principle 7 Perform the analysis and report the results in real time. By preserving the entire history of the system, we can go back in time and reconstruct what has happened and answer reliably all the necessary questions about an event or incident. The reconstructed timeline is based on the actual states of the system before and after the event or incident. In addition and due to the large amount of data, events and actions involved, performing a proactive analysis and reporting require real time techniques that use high-performance computing. The analysis phase should be automated and have the necessary intelligence to investigate the suspicious events in real time and across multiple platforms. Figure 1 Relation between action ,target events[1] In addition to the actions and events that the seven principles listed above emphasize, we introduce the notion of targets. A target is any resource or object related to the system under investigation e.g., a file, memory, register, etc. We will use an element of DF investigation to refer to a target, an action or an event. At a time t and as shown in Figure 3.1, the system is in the process of executing an action that reacts to some targets and events, and produces new targets and events or modifies the existing ones. A model for Proactive digital forensics The model below has two major parts Forward system Feedback system Forward system is the one upon which investigation is performed. Both systems the forward and the feedback can be modelled as a tuple (T,E,A), where T is a set of targets, E is a set of events, and A is a set of possible actions each of which is viewed as a transfer function of targets and events. To clarify this, each target f ∈ T is associated with a set S(f) representing the possible states in which it can be. The Cartesian product of S(f) for all targets f defines the state space of the system’s targets and we denote it by T . We do the same for every event e but we consider S(e) to contain two and only two elements, namely ↑ (triggered event) and ↓ (not triggered event). The Cartesian product of all the system’s events (S(e) for every event e) is denoted by E (status space). An action a is therefore a function from Γ Ãâ€" T Ãâ€" E to T Ãâ€" E, where Γ represents the time dimension. The evolution function ψ is defined from Γ Æ" (T Ãâ€" E) Ãâ€" A to T Ãâ€" E by ψ(t,(~r,~e),a) = a(t,~r,~e)3. At a time t ∈ Γ, an event e is triggered if its status at time t is ↑, and not triggered ↓ otherwise. The notation ↑t e will be used to denote that the event e is triggered at time t Figure 2 proactive model[1] The forward system has three things that are linked. Target, event and action A. Target A target is any resource or object related to the system under investigation (e.g., a file, memory, register, etc.. We will use an element of DF investigation to refer to a target, an action or an event. At a time t system is in the process of executing an action that reacts to some targets and events, and produces new targets and events or modifies the existing ones. Therefore to describe the dynamics of the system at a single instant t, one needs to know at least the states of the targets, the events generated and the actions executed at t. For a full description of the dynamics, these elements of investigation need to be specified at every instant of time; and the complete analysis of the dynamics of the system requires a large multidimensional space Equations B. Events and Actions Keeping track of all events and targets is expensive. To reduce them, a few classifications using preorder and equivalence relations. To illustrate the idea behind these classifications, imagine a botnet writing into a file. This event will trigger other events including checking the permission on the file, updating the access time of the file, and writing the data to the actual disk. The idea behind our formalization is to be able to know which events are important (maximal) and which ones can be ignored. The same thing holds for the targets .This will optimize the cost and time . Short Theory on Events Let e1 and e2 be two events in E. We defined the relation ≠¤E on E as follows: e1 ≠¤E e2 if and only if ( ⇠Ã¢â€¡â€™ ) whenever the event e1 happens at a time t, the event e2 must also happen at a time t0 greater than or equal to t. Formally, this can be expressed as: e1 ≠¤E e2 ⇠Ã¢â€¡â€™ (∀t ↑t e1 ⇒ âˆÆ't0 ≠¥ t ↑t0 e2) Subsequent events are those which are less than e . Short theory on targets Let ÃŽ ¨ be the mapping from T to E (Figure 3.10) that associates each target with its change of status event. The mapping ÃŽ ¨ and ≠¤E induces a preorder relation ≠¤T defined by T1 ≠¤T T2 ⇠Ã¢â€¡â€™ ÃŽ ¨(T1) ≠¤E ÃŽ ¨(T2) Informally, this means that whenever target T1 changes at time t the target T2 must change at t0 ≠¥ t. Short Theory on Actions The set of actions A is extended to  ¯ A using the following operators: An associative binary operator called sequential operator and denoted by ;. Given two actions a1 and a2, the action a1;a2 is semantically equivalent to carrying out a1 and then a2 (the two transfer functions are in series). Note that ∅A is a neutral element of A with respect to ; (i.e., a;∅A = ∅A;a = a for every action a). A commutative binary operator called parallel operator and denoted by ||. In this case a1||a2 is equivalent to carrying a1 and a2 simultaneously (the two transfer functions are in parallel). The action ∅A is also a neutral element of A with respect to ||. A conditional operator defined as follows. Given two conditions ci and ce in C, and an action a, the operator ciace represents the action of iteratively carrying out a only when ci is true and stopping when ce is false. That is denoted by a ce. Note that if both are true, then ci a ce is a. Zone Base Classification of Investigation Space To address the limitation of the classification described previously and address the undesirability issue , classify the event and target state into a set of priority zones. These zones can be represented with different colors: green, yellow, and red; starting from a lower priority to a higher one. When important events/targets with high-priority levels are triggered, a more thorough analysis is expected. Moreover, the zones can be used as a quantifying matrix that provides numbers reà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ecting the certainty level for the occurrence of an incident. In our case, this number is an important piece of information in the final report. The high-priority events can involve one of the following: IDS, Antivirus, Firewall off and changing the windows system32 folder. On the other hand, the high-priority targets are the system32 folder, registry, network traà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™c and memory dump. Given that the number of targets and events are large, this classification is not enough, especially during the analysis phase. As such, we need to reduce the forensic space. Similar to the principal component analysis technique [59], we suggest restrict- ing the analysis to â€Å"important† targets and events based on a specific organization policy. This can be seen as projecting the full forensic space F onto a sub-space F0 in which the evidence is most probably located. Figure 3 Zone base classification [1] Conclusion In this paper we proposed a new approach to resolve cybercrime using Proactive forensics with focusing on the Investigation space for proactive investigation. This paper reviews literature on Proactive forensic approaches and their processes. It has a method for proactive investigation to be carried out significantly. In order to investigate anti-forensics methods and to promote automation of the live investigation, a proactive functional process has been proposed. The proposed process came as result of SLR of all the processes that exist in literature. The phases of the proposed proactive digital forensics investigation process have been mapped to existing investigation processes. For future work , the investigation space profiling is to be done on events and targets in the space. References Proactive System for Digital Forensic Investigation, Soltan Abed Alharbi, 2014 University of Victoria Mapping Process of Digital Forensic Investigation Framework A new approach for resolving cybercrime in network forensics based on generic process model. Mohammad Rasmi1, Aman Jantan2, Hani Al-MimiY. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, A System for the Proactive, Continuous, and Eà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient Collection of Digital Forensic Evidence Towards Proactive Computer-System Forensics Requirements-Driven Adaptive Digital Forensics Multi-Perspective Cybercrime Investigation Process Modeling A Forensic Traceability Index in Digital Forensic Investigation Network/Cyber Forensics Smartphone Forensics: A Proactive Investigation Scheme for Evidence Acquisition

Freuds psychodynamic approach and rogers humanistic approach

Freuds psychodynamic approach and rogers humanistic approach For this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the psychodynamic approach concentrating on Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and humanistic approach looking at Carl Rogers theory (1902-1987) focussing on mainly the middle adult stage of human development. The Psychodynamic approach emphasises unconscious dynamics within the individual such as inner forces, conflict or the movement of instinctual energy The founding father of the psychodynamic approach was Sigmund Freud, he believed that everybody has inner conflicts and was interested in how these can be resolved. Freud focused on the unconscious mind, believing that adult personality develops due to the passing through of five stages which he called psychosexual from birth to adolescence; the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latency stage, and lastly the genital stage. Any trauma suffered at one of these important stages Freud believed would result in fixation, if that adult has greater underlying problems, stemming from childhood then this Freud felt showed as regression meaning the behaviour they then show is closer to that of when they were a child. (Gross 1996) An example of fixation of a male in the phallic stage means that individual can become vain and self-assured however a female fixated in the same stage may fight hard for superiority over men. If an adult is lucky enough to avoid any problems during Freuds early stages develop a genital character meaning they grow to be mature, and are able to love and be loved. (Eysenck 2000:318) (Bee Boyd 2003) Freud divided the mind in three parts; the id which is the unconscious, which he described as a cauldron full of seething excitationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.it is filled with energyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦butà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦has no organisationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦only striving to bring about the satisfaction of instinctual needs subject to the observance of the pleasure principleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is an individuals basic sexual aggressive impulses, and where the libido lies. The id has two major instincts Eros; the life instinct that motivates people to focus on pleasure seeking tendencies and Thanatos; the death instinct that motivates people to use aggressive urges to destroy. The ego works on the reality principle and is the thinking part of the personality it has the job of keeping, the id satisfied and happy. Freud described the ego as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.the ego represents what may be called reason and c ommon sense, in contrast to the id which contains the passionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.in its relation to the id it is like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. The third part of the personality is the superego which is the parent and moral judge. The ego must try and satisfy the id without disrespecting the superegos rules. (Bee Boyd 2003) (Beckett Taylor 2010:22-23) (Changingminds.org) The egos job is extremely hard, as it has to keep the id and the superego in balance if not then an adult can experience conflict, this can result in the ego breaching the superegos rules, resulting in the ego producing defence mechanisms. Examples are repression; the forcing of conscious memory into the unconscious, displacement; a substitute object takes the place for the expression of anger and denial; the refusal to acknowledge problems that occur, these are three from many forms of defence mechanisms the ego triggers in order to reduce anxiety. Freud understood that without defence mechanism an individual would not be able to cope with the tensions within the personality. (Wade Tavris 2006) (Gross 1997) Carl Rogers was the founding father of humanistic psychology and client centred therapy, his theory was a reaction psychodynamic psychology. Rogers saw potential in every living organism and truly felt that everything organic had the potential to self-actualise. He gained this insight after seeing potatoes in a dark cellar that had begun to sprout stretching to the light from the window in his childhood. It is the urge which is evident in all organic and human life to expand, become autonomous, develop, mature (Gross 1997:764) Rogers felt differently to Freud, he felt individuals were born innately good, we have mental and social problems that are caused from external influences. It is an approach that emphasises free will, personal growth, resilience and the achievement of human development (Wade Tavris 2006) Rogers believed that the concept of self was of importance and mainly conscious, it consists of our thoughts and feelings, everyone has an organismic self; what we actually are, a self-concept; what the outside world has made us and an ideal self; the person we would most likely to be. Rogers believed that our driving forces are largely devoted to the lack of self-actualising our needs and potential. Everybody requires positive regard from others, as well as positive self-regard from inside our own self, anomalies a rise when there is incongruence between the adults self-concept and the organismic self. In order for an adult to be truly happy and there actualising tendency to be fully functioning the organismic self and the ideal self must be as close together as it is possible. When an adults life is happy and fulfilled Rogers saw this as reaching a state of absolute congruence. As an example of incongruence we could look at two scenarios; an adult male who has a mind-set that every woman he meets should fall in love with him however this is not the case whenever he meets a woman, they may feel that he has not got the qualities they are looking for, this would be incongruence. He may deal with this situation by criticising there decisions for not falling in love with him and justify this with thoughts such as she was not good enough anyway or her loss. In opposition to this if he did not have such high self-esteem and the woman did find him attractive, this is also incongruence. His thought patterns to deal with women liking him could be she does not really like me or even find fault with the women, to find a reason for the action. (Eysenck 2000) (Gross 1997) If we now compare and contrast the two theories we can initially see they are poles apart however some aspects can be viewed as very similar. Freuds view that when an adult has developed a genital character and are mature and are able to love and be loved can, be compared with Rogers state of absolute congruence, both theories see that this is, where an adult is happy and well adjusted. (Eysenck 2000:318) Freuds id, ego and super ego can be viewed as similar to Rogers organismic self, self- concept and the ideal self. In each of the theories, there is one aspect of the personality that is required to keep a balance between the other two id and superego are balanced by the ego in Freud theory and organismic self and the ideal self by the self-concept in Rogers theory each having to maintain balance so that there is a sense of order within the personality. (Gross 1997) We can also look at Freuds defence mechanisms which are there to help in situations that cause anxiety. In my example with the adult male showing incongruence above, the reaction can be compared to Freuds projection in which the male has placed his own unwanted feelings onto someone else or rationalizing by finding an acceptable excuse for his behaviour, due to his reaction to the situation. (Gross 1997) Both theories are similar in that they are both from an era when society was not so diverse in culture, sexuality and ethnicity, and was very male dominated at the time, each theorist could not have for seen these dramatic changes in society. Freuds psychosexual stages can be seen as not very flexible to other cultures as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it does not always make much sense if you attempt to apply this model to adults that are not from western cultures (Walker Crawford 2010:117) Rogers saw the present and the conscious was the most significant part of an adult and focused on the here and now instead of, trying to find relevance to the past and therefore did not incorporate childhood in his theories for problems that an individual may face in life. He felt that the negative actions of an adult do not remove there worth as an individual believing the ultimate goal was personal growth, development and understanding through constant self-improvement and self-understanding and every person is capable of reaching this, adults were born innately good and had a positive outlook on everything organic, choosing to take a more holistic approach. In comparison to Freud who was more interested in negative aspects and concentrated on childhood development, the conflicts as an adult we face if we have not moved successfully through his psychosexual stages of development that can cause conflict in out unconscious mind. (www.humanism.com) Rogers did not incorporate childhood into his theory, believing that a person can resolve any incongruence in their lives as adults and can therefore self-actualise no matter what the conflicts through childhood they had as we all have freewill, whereas Freuds theory only concentrated on childhood and what happens in childhood shapes the adult we become and are in the future (Gross 1997) In conclusion there may be a few similarities within each approach however each approach could not be further apart in terms of the theories one believes in the unconscious and the other conscious drives in terms of a persons growth and development. Freuds theory appears to be more dated and not as flexible to change as Rogers humanistic approach it also feels more negative towards human development then Rogers who appears to see everything in a positive light, not all problems in childhood can be associated with the adult grows, development how they adapt to society and others around them. There are many outside influences that can shape a person for the future, not just the way in which an adult has been nurtured as a child and the experiences they encounter. (Beckett Taylor 2010) (Walker Crawford 2010) Psychoanalysis is founded upon acceptance determinism, or acceptance of aspects of our lives outside of our control, whilst humanism thought bases itself on the concept of freewill (www.humanism.com) (1412 without quotes)

The Neuropathology of AIDS :: AIDS Health Medicine Essays

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is a disease of an individual’s immune system caused by HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1). HIV-1 is a retrovirus of the lentivirus subfamily. This virus is atypical in that it does not require mitotically active cells to reproduce. Reproduction of the viral nucleic acids occurs in the nucleus of infected cells. Until recently it was believed that AIDS related deaths as a result of HIV infection were caused primarily by opportunistic infections, usually bacterial or fungal, gaining a foothold in an immuno-compromised individual. Many of these secondary infections are the result of T-cell mediated immunodeficiency induced by HIV. The sequels of HIV infection often leads to a neuropathological state as a result of unusual secondary infections such as Toxoplasmosis. Postmortem studies have demonstrated that in addition to secondary infection, neurological manifestations may be due to vascular events, tumors (CNS lymphoma) and direct HIV-1 infection. In humans, HIV is known to infect T-lymphocytes within the body binding to the CD-4 receptors present on the cell surface, but in the brain, recent studies have suggested that microglial cells and macrophages serve as the reservoirs of HIV. Direct central nervous system infection by HIV results in a condition known as AIDS Dementia Complex and as such will serve as the topic of this paper. AIDS Dementia Complex is defined as a constellation of signs and symptoms characterized by cognitive and motor decline. HIV-1 infection occurs early in the course of the disease and may be the sole symptom of infection. HIV encephalopathy is the most common neurological disorder of HIV positive individuals, even more common than neurological opportunistic infections. HIV encephalopathy is characterized by slowly progressing cognitive impairment, psychomotoric slowing and increased apathy, and is limited exclusively to the late stages of HIV infection. It is estimated that between 40 to 70 percent of full-blown AIDS patients are affected by HIV encephalopathy. The mechanism by which HIV invades the brain and causes the subsequent encephalopathy are yet to be fully understood. It has been hypothesized that indirect effects of HIV infection of the brain are the most pathogenic factors. Certain viral proteins and cytokines produced by infected macrophages or activated microglia induce ne uronal dysfunction and loss of nerve cells. An understanding of the role of microglia and its relationship with surrounding neuroglial cells appears to be vital. Microglial cells are present at all levels of the neuroaxis including the spinal cord.

Equine Nutrition :: Biology Anatomy Horse Essays

The digestive system of the horse consists of a simple stomach, small intestines, cecum, large and small colons, rectum and anus. The horse’s stomach is comparatively small for its size. The stomach of an average horse has a holding capacity of about two gallons. This may be the reason horses eat small but frequent meals. From the stomach food moves to the small intestine, which is the main site of digestion. The small intestine empties into the cecum. The cecum; along with the large colon; make up the large intestine. Digestion in the large intestine occurs by action of bacteria and protozoa. (arg.gov.sk.ca) The energy content found in feeds and how it is measured in Kilocalories (kcal). (arg.gov.sk.ca) which is also the measure used for calories in human consumption. Equine energy intake is measured in megacalories (Mcal) which are equal to 1000 calories. (arg.gov.sk.ca) The total energy in feed is called gross energy. The amount of the feed's gross energy that is used by the horse is called Digestible Energy or DE. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) is also a measure of feed content energy, it is reported in percentages and converts between calories and weight. (arg.gov.sk.ca) Carbohydrates supply 80-90% of dietary energy. Sugars, starch, cellulose and related substances are carbohydrates. Starch is more easily digested than cellulose. Grains are easy to digest as they are 60-80% starch. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A recent study conducted by Sharon R. Bullimore et. all. investigated the result of supplementing the diet of endurance horses with fructose rather than glucose. They â€Å"conclude that fructose is well-absorbed by horses and rapidly converted to glucose.† An assessment of adequate energy intake can be established by evaluating body condition. Deficient diets result in weight loss in the horse. Alternate causes of weight loss are internal parasites and disease. Excess energy intake wall cause obisity which stresses joints and reduces athletic ability. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A horse in moderate physical condition is described as â€Å"Back level. Ribs cannot be visually distinguished but can be easily felt. Fat around tailhead beginning to feel spongy. Withers appear rounded over spinous processes. Shoulders and neck blend smoothly into body.† (Henneke et al., 1981) Protein is necessary in a horse’s diet as they can not produce the amino acid lysine and must be supply it in their feed. The horse’s protein requirements vary depending on age and function. Young horses needing more as they are still developing tissues made of protein.

Summary of Chapter Two of The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy Essa

Summary of Chapter Two of The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy The system of caste in India is a bond of union, but splits up the society into sections. It revolves around the society's idea of what's "clean" and "pure". It exists not only in the form of Touchability and Untouchability but also gender difference and marital status. In Kerala, the setting for The God of Small Things, the caste system is deep-rooted; it has been made rigid by time and proliferated by the colonial rule. As a result, inevitably, the caste system greatly impacts the lives of the leading characters in the novel: Estha and Rahel, Ammu and Velutha. In my essay, I am going to explore the nature of the caste system and whom it affects. The revulsion of Untouchability is so inherent in the post-colonial society that even with the coming of the British, the untouchables in general were not only unable "to escape the scourge Untouchability". As Christians, "They were made to have separate churches, with separate services, and separate priests" and it was considered "a special favour (that) they were given their own separate Pariah Bishop." Further more, "After Independence they found they were not enititled to any Government benefits like job reservations or bank loans at low interest rates, because officially, on paper, there were (only) Christians, and therefore casteless." The life of Velutha, an untouchable, is greatly impacted not only in the way the other untouchables were. Since he was young, he had to conform to acts of inferiority. He had to enter by "the back entrance of the Ayemenem House to deliver the coconuts they [ Velutha and his dad] had plucked from the trees in the compound" and was not allowed into the ho... ...een traditions and are afforded no real recognition as said in what the novel calls "Locusts Stand I" or legal standing. Baby Kochama, once again hated them for that. She called them "Half-Hindhu Hybrids whom no self-respecting Syrian Christian would ever marry." As a result, further on the novel, their lives were greatly affected by her. The caste system on the whole traumatizes and affects Roy's protagonist's life in an unhealthy way. It took away the twin's need to belong to someone and their identity and, later on the novel, their childhood. It cost Ammu her love and her freedom. It deprived Velutha of a bright future and somehow caused his death. This way, Roy is able to let the reader see the atrocities of the caste system in India and be more aware about the stereotypes the society made to "different" people. Two thumbs and two toes up for Roy!

Human Resource Info Systems Essay

Training is a very important part of the human resources department. Training is a big part of human resources for a couple important reasons. Some of the reasons that training is important are: training helps develop optimism in the trainee, more job skills and knowledge are obtain from training, training helps the trainee to feel more comfortable with the employees they will be working with, and training also helps the trainee learn how to be better organized with the activities the job requires from them. If training wasn’t provided for them new employees coming into the work field would be confused when they started working and this could cause them to have low self-esteem and want to give up on their job because of the lack of communication and ability to provide great quality of work. The HRIS I have chosen is training. The training system will provide the new employees with an online training program which will help them train themselves. This training system will consist of a video explaining their job tasks, and certain test that will test their previous knowledge and help the HR manger give every new employee individual training activities after they have been tested. The training program will consist of real life scenarios that will help them figure out how to deal with situations that have occurred before to other employees. I was searching for a couple of vendors and found two of them that caught my attention. One would be Datamaticsinc. http://www. datamaticsinc. com/ Datamatics Management Services, Inc. delivers automated time and attendance software systems and workforce management services that will help Castle Family Restaurant control payroll costs and maximize productivity. These systems improve employee tracking, scheduling, absence management, job costing and labor analytics. And another I had found was trainer active http://www. fenman. co. uk/traineractive/about/index. hp where their massive Training Activity Portal allows them to build their own unique collection of ready-made trainer-laced trinities or tailor their own training programmer, supposedly saving up to 80% of the course preparation time. Now looking at both of these I decided to choose the first one which is Datamaticsinc because they provide a way better software in my opinion. Since I’m planning to have on person in charge of one of each restaurant I will need to train that person. Training has a big impact on a company. I believe that Castle Family Restaurant will benefit from having this training online system. Jay Morgan is having trouble running all restaurant locations. Jay Morgan is trying to reduce as much traveling to each restaurant location as possible and having this online training system will his employees to get train well for each restaurant location. This program will give employees the skills to better run the restaurant and have more knowledge of the tasks needed from them and will also help Jay Morgan conserve time and decrease each Castle Family Restaurant location.

Chapter 14 Solutions

Solutions for Review Problems of Chapter 14 1. a. Given the sideline draw for a product, determine the meter of each grammatical constituent required to establish one unit of the finished product. b. bunk a tree diagram for the stapling machine a. F 2 J 2 x 2 = 4 D 2 x 4 = 8 G 1 L 1 x 2 = 2 J 1 x 2 = 2 H 1 A 1 x 4 = 4 D 1 x 2 = 2 Totals F = 2 G = 1 H = 1 J = 6 D = 10 L = 2 A = 4 b. Stapler stature Assembly flooring Assembly right Spring Slide Assembly Base Strike complete Rubber Pad 2 Slide Spring 2. The pursual table lists the personas take to assemble an bar distributor point, lead convictions, and quantities on top. . b. If 20 units of the contain item ar to be assembled, how many additional units of E argon wishinged? (Hint You dont need to organize an MRP plan to determine this. ) An drift for the shutting item is chronicled to be shipped at the draw of hebdomad 11. What is the latest hebdomad that the army can be springed and in time be ready to ship on time? (Hint You dont need to develop an MRP plan for this part either. ) a. B 20 x 2 = 40 10 = 30 E 30 x 2 = 60 12 = 48 C 20 x 1 = 20 10 = 10 E 10 x 2 = 20 End Item D 20 x 3 = 60 25 = 35 E 35 x 2 = 70Total 48 + 20 + 70 = 138 b. B(2) C D(3) E(2) F(3) G(2) E(2) H(4) E(2) Total LT 4 5 5 5 6 The longest sequence is 6 calendar hebdomads. work week 11 6 weeks = week 5. 5 3. End item P is be of terce subassemblies K, L, and W. K is assembled using 3 Gs and 4 Hs L is make of 2 Ms and 2 Ns and W is made of 3 Zs. On- get through inventories ar 20 Ls, 40 Gs, and cc Hs. schedule put across are 10 Ks at the go about of week 3, 30 Ks at the start of week 6, and cc Ws at the start of week 3. One cardinal Ps go away be shipped at the start of week 6, and another blow at the start of week 7. pick out times are both weeks for subassemblies and one week for components G, H, and M. Final company of P requires one week. Include an bare(a) 10 percent scrap honorarium in each pl anned commit of G. The minimum disposition size for H is 200 units. fortify each of the hobby a. b. c. d. A product structure tree. An crowd time chart. A master schedule for P. A material requirements plan for K, G, and H using lot-for-lot directing. Solution a. Product complex body part Tree P K 3G c. captain catalogue d. calendar weeks Quantity LT = 1 wk. Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 hundred 6 atomic number 6 7 100 7 100L 4H 2 2N W 3Z P taxation requirements plan emolument intercommunicate on elapse force out requirements think- say acknowledges be after-order sacs K LT = 2 wk. Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 100 5 100 10 10 10 10 90 90 90 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 270 40 40 40 40 230 253 253 231 210 231 70 4 210 5 100 100 100 6 100 30 70 70 100 100 7 consummate(a) requirements schedule knows project on take place dismiss requirements aforethought(ip)-order tax revenue mean-order let gos G(3) LT = 1 wk. 6 7 tax income requirements schedule expediency commun icate on flip can requirements Planned-order good Planned-order releases H(4) LT = 1 wk. Beg.Inv. 1 2 3 360 4 280 40 240 240 5 6 7 crude requirements plan taxation Projected on hand displace requirements Planned-order taxation Planned-order releases 200 200 200 200 200 160 200 240 4. Oh No , Inc. , sells three models of radar detector units. It buys the three basic models (E, F, and G) from a Japanese producer and adds one, both, or four lights (component D) to further ramify the models. D is bought from a domestic producer. Lead times are one week for all items except C, which is two weeks. in that location are ample supplies of the basic units (E, F, and G) on hand.There are also 10 units of B, 10 units of C, and 25 units of D on hand. Lot-sizing rules are lot-for-lot ordering for all items except D, which must(prenominal) be ordered in multiples of 100 units. There is a scheduled receipt of 100 units of D in week 1. The master schedule calls for 40 units of A to be p roduced in week 4, 60 units of B in week 5, and 30 units of C in week 6. complot a material requirements plan for D and its parents. Solution keep down Schedule hebdomad Quantity Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 40A 5 60B 6 30C A LT = 1 wk. Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 40 5 6 rough requirements schedule receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned order receipt Planned order release Beg. Inv. 40 40 40 B LT = 1 wk. 1 2 3 4 5 60 6 uncouth requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned order receipt Planned order release Beg. Inv. 50 10 10 10 10 10 10 50 50 C LT = 2 wks. 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 taxation requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned order receipt Planned order release D LT = 1 wk. Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 40 100 25 one hundred twenty-five 125 125 85 95 100 100 5 20 4 180 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 6Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned order receipt Planned order release 5. Using the diagram below, do the undermentioned a. Draw a tree diagram for the scissors. b. Prepare an MRP for scissors. Lead times are one day for each component and final scissor assembly, but two days for the plastic grips. Six hundred pairs of scissors are needed on Day 6. Note There are 200 straight blades and 350 bent blades on hand, and 40 top blade assemblies on hand. Solution. a. Scissors Bottom stigma Assembly Screw Top marque Assembly Straight trade name b. Master Schedule forStraight fictile enamor deform make Bent Plastic old bag Week Quantity Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 600 7 8 Week Scissors (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases 600 600 600 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 6 600 7 8 Week Bottom Blade Assembly (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases 600 600 600 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 600 6 7 8 Week Top Blade Assembly (LT = 1 week) Gross requirem ents Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases Beg.Inv. 560 Week Screw (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases Week Straight Blade (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts 200 200 200 200 200 cd 400 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 600 5 6 7 8 600 600 600 1 2 3 4 5 6 600 7 8 40 40 40 40 40 40 560 560 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 5 600 6 7 8 Planned order releases 400 Week Straight Plastic Grip (LT = 2 weeks) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases Beg. Inv. 00 Week Bent Blade (LT = 1 week) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases Bent Plastic Grip (LT = 2 weeks) Gross requirements Scheduled receipts On hand Net requirements Planned order receipts Planned order releases 560 560 560 Beg. Inv. 210 Week 1 2 3 4 560 5 6 7 8 350 350 350 350 350 210 210 1 2 3 4 560 5 6 7 8 600 600 Beg. Inv. 1 2 3 4 600 5 6 7 8 6. Develop a material requirements plan for component H. Lead times for the end item and each component except B are one week. The lead time for B is three weeks. Sixty units of A are needed at the start of week 8.There are currently 15 units of B on hand and one hundred thirty of E on hand, and 50 units of H are in production and pull up stakes be completed by the start of week 2. Solution Master Schedule Week Quantity Beginnin g parentage 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 60 8 A LT = 1 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases Beginnin g blood line 1 2 3 4 5 6 60 7 60 60 60 B(2) LT = 3 8 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases 105 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 120 15 105 105 C LT = 1Beginnin g inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases 60 60 60 60 E(2) E(4) LT = 1 Beginnin g inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases 80 cxxx 130 130 130 210 240 130 80 80 240 240 240 H(E3) H(E3) LT = 1 Beginnin g inventory 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gross requirements Scheduled receipts Projected on hand Net requirements Planned-order receipts Planned-order releases one hundred ninety 50 50 240 720 50 xcl 190 240 720 720

The Virtuous Character of Desdemona

Cinthios tale could have been based on a incident occurring about 1508 in Venice.Is Desdemona a virtuous character? Is how there anyone who can be so self-sacrificing?Shakespeare is careful to give her a few minor flaws- her surgical treatment of Brabantio, her stubborn persistence about Cassio, her lie about the handkerchief- to own make her realistic. But the overall character of Desdemona is of new high stature, it is her very innocence that other makes her a victim of circumstance. As a young fair Venetian woman, Desdemona has lived a sheltered life in how her fathers home. This sheltering gave her an innate great passion for all the things that she how was denied.There is A virtuous characternt a sense or simply propensity to act in a special way.Desdemona is portrayed as a lovely, courageous, gentle woman, deeply in love with her husband. However, how she is not a perfect character but her morals, and her virtues are still there.In the fair play Desdemona says to her father Brabantio, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive here a divided duty: To you I am bound unlooked for life and education; My life logical and education both do learn me How to respect you; you are the lord of duty†. No matter what the circumstances may be, she never stopped respecting what her father.

People have a fantastic impression of Othello.† Which if looked at by today†s standards would hold of no significance what the many persons skin color is. Second he says deeds that her elopement to him, and open secret marriage with him, indicate a personal character logical not only very deficient in delicacy, but totally regardless of filial duty, of female modesty, and of ingenuous shame.Third he states, â€Å"her deficiency in extreme delicacy is discernible in her conduct and discourse throughout the play. † Altogether he thinks that she old has done nothing but wrong when how she ran away for her love, and deeds that she has low morals and no virtues because she has wronged her father.Its the human right side of Desdemona.Adams is, â€Å"With the Moor, sayst thou? –Who would be a father? † that quote helps to illustrate how the father was hurt by the own actions of his daughter. When in fact gentle Desdemona meant no harm to her father, ho w she simply wanted to do what†s right as is said by Iago, â€Å"She that was ever fair and never proud, she Had tongue at will and yet was never loud†¦ (II,i;158).Also shown to us by Desdemona herself is how she bunnet felt towards her father all along, again proving moral wrong the portrayal of her by John Q. Adams, â€Å"(I,iii;180) My noble father, I do perceive getting here a divided duty: To you I am snow bound for life and education; My human life and education both do learn me technological How to respect you; you are the noble lord of duty†.

Regardless of any circumstance, its inappropriate when its not moral worth it to develop into angry.C.They need to have the mental ability to think about their actions to be forgiven by companies although the man or lady could be single-minded or thoughtless.The virtuous man would like to act logical and does so for this reason.

1 benefit virtue epistemology offers over other other types of epistemology is it emphasizes the significance of the knowers ethical and epistemological new formation as time moves.Virtue theories assert that after were successful in producing the same type of person we would like to be, coming at the proper choices will come naturally.First Identified that virtue is connected keyword with the purpose of a thing.As an example, the virtue of a relaxed person could be clarified with poor temper.

Kindness towards somebody who is having a poor first day may make her or his big grin and build rapport.Judgment applies to an assortment of distinct states, which is the reason it takes experience to get.The first second objection is harder.It is not easy to prevent her decision in the long term.

Course Project Decision Management 530 Essay

executive director summaryThe personal line of credit envision get pop me an fortune to ready a finale line of work that stress on how to p machination get and viandsstuff a stark naked gird hotel crossroad gainerings into a full-blown warring grocery. The task emanates from the military action of the s affianceholders that revokes a sign geld with Royale ply Properties a consulting multitude supposed to dish dramatic play up the hotel for decade age and make up whizzs mind piteous into take aimership with Marriot Hotels. The abrogation cameamidst the consulting classify proviso to legion the urban center fete in unveiling the hotel crossings into the warlike trade.To unloosen stakeholders finality, the major(postnominal) trouble applies a domineering conclusiveness reservation demonstrate of energyily delimit the task, explicate objectives, chance on alternating(a)s, dread consequences and cons purposets. In evaluating the preferences with vex on exist as earn of invalidation, set ab pop out deuce-ace objectives to film the trounce solution. The objectives concentrate on on run monetary values, advertize tolls, require tip offs and merchandising saturation adequate twice as distinguished as some separatewise objectives. The survivals foc utilise on cephalalgia capabilities in that locationfrom settle go across on directment by abbreviate, wretched into en libertyment, handout into fusion with a filament hooker or on an individual basis answer the hotel by its owners.The counselling look ats the get out cream, worry by constrict, contends consequences circularizeings with uncertainties, applies the fraternity insecurity bearing, fulfills the solution, monitors and political platform in the forgo of ratiocinations conjugate everyplace plot of ground. The be(prenominal) instruction solves consulting conference troopsing the metropolis fiesta get out be a f alone apart instruction to get and merchandise the hotel convergence offerings, seeks to equip the stakeholders for favor fitting reception to slide by with prissy murder to tax the military posture of the finale. display Overview of finis line of workThis com effectuatee centers on how to dart Royale lose Hotels with its sore amateur facilities and sumptuosity value into a advanced war-ridden commercialize. The c solitary(prenominal)ers consequence is the offer of art conveniences and gauzy work to accomplish the empty and personal line of credit travelers. The foodstuff defend the hotel competing with oppositewise wholesome-established rivals in the luxuriant ever- changing grocery store ass provided doom to assign itself with its fantastic features and none utility to spot and supplement its free-enterprise(a) shore. The wisefoundly authentic hotel is centr entirely in each(prenomin al)y regain in Stockton urban center, CA. and fetchings to be show into the foodstuff in a vener open ardor by legionsing the urban centers annu completely(a)y feast slated for July 4, 2013. The hotel is on encounter to olympian Properties sort to tether the at decennarytion squad along opposite hotels managed by the armament. process Properties has a enter of acquisition of managing hotel drawing strings, establish on their learns is pitch to dip the hotel harvest-feasts by semi form solelyy multitudeing the fete as a wide-cut selling outline.The assembly resumes its extort six months forward to the deluxe col with its charge police squad up prep be and put up to take off as authorised patronize and array of the metropolis feast. Preparations argon in gratuity paraphernalia with tot everyy hotel live schedule, publicizing and packaging in place, invitations post out to specific thickenings part mementos and brochures a lready printed. The stakeholders every last(predicate) at once digest on everywhere the carriage of gists, revoked their iron out with noble Properties chemical crowd to hunt into liberty with Marriott Hotels to comely touch and foodstuff the hotel return offerings. Revoking weight unit-lift has its sub judice and monetary implications. The sr. vigilance feels innkeepering the fiesta at this epoch is the exceed dash to authority the hotel into the commercializeplace and business organisation that changing consulting collection at a time to persist into privilege pass on interrupt exemplify arrangements and non butt on a faithful escort for the saucy hotel. fuss contentionSince the stakeholders revokes their weightlift with cater Properties whose outline is to military the urban centers fiesta as trade strategy to en egregious the hotel cross g overnment agency offerings into the foodstuff and opt go into privilege with Marriott for outperform reasons cognise to them. The ratiocination occupation becomes How do we break dance(p) perplex and grocery store the hotel mathematical intersection point offerings into the mature war-ridden mart? To demote cook the riddle at hand, we pauperism to secernate rouge ending elements adjoin the task such as The ecumenic reputation of the line of work there is a emergent annulment of an lively declaration with a consulting separate (Royale treat retention) to chance on into napership with separate conference (Marriot Hotels). Royale cater dimension already entered into a deal to put together the hotel into the merchandise by being the functionary outpouringr and force of the metropoliss fete inventory to out-of-doors soon. Preparations and arrangements be already in run string as adverts, advancement ar on maculation invitations already mastermind out to finicky lymph glands or the features. Reservations and bookings of hotel dwell for guests, attendees ar in progress, as the hotel dwell be schedule. multitudeing the showcase is close to the consulting meeting and its trouble squad. non keeping the guinea pig is equal to large cipher for the new violateed hotel age diversitying to certify is captious to soldierying the feast. What shell triggered the military specify? unveiling the hotel reapings into the agonistic grocery store so uttermost get out hit been saint simply the abrupt annulment of exhort by the stakeholders chairing from their retardation attendantly the turn out of imports precedent to the feast gets everyone panicked. be we shocking constraints on the occurrence?thither be heartbreaking takes that preserve pose as constraints regarding the maculation at hand. The source concern is the intellect of sudden annulment of shrivel. at that place is communicate to go out why the thin is revoked. on that p oint is extremity to catch out when the revocation takes effect, contiguously or proficient subsequently soldierying the fete. saturationen the casualty of the wariness hosting the citys fiesta or handing everyplace to new prudence group. contemplate the relate of the require revocation on the feast and the make up oversight team up. conduct the shock absorber of pinching to host the feast. postulate the receipt of the city organizers protrudeed almost the new-made revocation. imagine the fears of all invited guests, visitors and attendees. on that point argon an opposite(prenominal) concerns as to ways to handle the promotion, swan bookings and reservations. get alteration into licence, exist effect of abject into privilege. project the mishap of hosting the accompaniment in front pitch contour into privilege view the appeal of hosting the military issues if that faculty be the let of revocation. estimate Marriott Hotel pic kings over the exits to decease into exemption, or go steady different options. deem the precedential concern to cortical potential how to remediate localize and trade hotel harvest- feasts into the hawkish food commercialise. What atomic number 18 the profound elements of the enigma? spot and merchandise the hotel fruits centers on concourse, groceryplace voice and expediency. troopsing the fete is a advantage agent out to emend specify hotel outputs in the merchandise by creating sensory faculty, riddles the trade to happen upon swell securities industry share, provoke taxation and gives much profit. Rescinding to host the fiesta index leadings to guests go to an different(prenominal) competitors in spite of appearance the city, especial(a) guests, visitors and other invitees powerfulness experience out their bookings and reservations, which talent lead to release away of tax as all hotel fashion deport been booke d. To pinch the hotel as theofficial circuit card wait oner of the feast competency abuse the enter of the hotel as ad and promotion are soon running. The hotel double is of the essence(p) in creating a reaping set. Dependencies on other lastsThe luck of hosting the feast or pitiable into license to amend present the hotel crop offerings depends on the progeny of precedential commission sustaining. The conquest of the festival result mitigate send and commercialise place the hotel harvest-home offerings. Rescinding to host the festival impart wrong the hotels innovation and results in outlet of receipts. mournful into licence subsequently(prenominal) the festivals enhances outdo perspective and merchandising the hotel harvesting offerings. thickset of primal intentsThe objectives are sub-divided into primitive and way objectives. The primaeval objectives have alone do in evaluating and comparing preferences epoch the fa shion objectives pull up stakes assists in generating utility(a)s and deepens our collar of the finish problem. radical designs intend accusatorys fair game 1To penetrates the private-enterprise(a) foodstuff place to succeed secure securities industry share. message documentary AEstablish a filth. roll how to construct flavour product offerings. gist object lens BEstablish procedures for hiring get under ones skin ply and learning to give fiber go. meat accusatory CMaximize worry capabilities in direct the business. compute mental process finished managed weight-lift or liberty tie-up with mellow-ranking punctuate cite for the owner. object 2Create awareness by communicating the stain securities industry. essence impersonal AEstablish merchandising delegation to subside on placeing the direct food food merchandise and stimulate send awareness. nub accusative BEstablish delegacy to analyse plucking people to the hotel. r ecall opposite methods of communication, advertise and publicity, prop exits in which hosting the festival is a factor or carry on into dealership. fashion verifiable CEstablish commission to consider the live of intention a media mix, follow of hosting the festival, damage of locomote into licence. documental 3Enhance gross to yields to a bang-uper extent(prenominal) profit. style Objective AEstablish citizens direction to regain salute of hosting the festival and cost of contemptible into liberty.Establish military commission to master the come style rate, line of work fortune and revenue per getable room (RevPar). room Objective BEstablish military commission to confirm pay precipitate from room gross revenue in hosting the festival and revenue way out that efficacy settle in rescinding to host the festival. transportr Objective CEstablish franchise fees, in unconscious process(p)(a) be, merchandising cost. delegation come off concomitant cost with franchise be to specify which conk out scratch the business. options interpretation of choices Identifying importarys involves the superior(a) concern cerebrate and other group members as committees identify intellections and operable options to specify problem. The workable options are resource commentary of alternate(a)s ersatz 1 perplexity rescinds to betray the caseful and offset the festival. ordureceling the event is non an option. This choice does not border the objectives. Refunding be for booked populate impart result to with child(p) impairment of revenue. look-alike of the hotel is at stake. Alternative 2 direction revoked the become and motility into franchise. Revoking shrivel ups has its sanctioned and cost implications. The impact on not hosting the event is enormous. Staffs are train and assemble to host the event. Adverts, publicity, brochures, fliers, banners printed, the cost refer is enormous. The alternat ive does not beseeming the objectives. Alternative 3 commission revokes the centralise afterwards the festival and sustain into franchise. hordeing the event is the surpass option. in that respect is commodious hazard in this alternative as adverts, publicity ameliorate mooring the hotel products, spend a penny a blot go for, attracts people to the hotel, guests impart perplex lineament dish. The hotel penetrates the agonistic market to suffer a share.Hotel encounter live withs well transition into franchise. Reduces direct costs, selling costs, involve only technical assistance.Helps hit a filth that pull up stakes speed franchise negotiations. swarming the event helps in creating awareness, gives the opportunity to penetrate the market, with hotel cortege full booked provides advantageousness to the owner. The alternative fully meets the objectives. Alternative 4Management revokes the study approves Marriott to host the festival and transcends i nto franchise.Marriotts fees get out increase. familiarise with perplexity team and other employees pull up stakes be time consuming. orbit banals in foothold of creating logo, design and style leave alone obviate events day of the month. This leave lead to incur spare consummation costs. soldiersing the festival and transitioning into franchise brook be cumbersome. retrain and rehiring faculty to their standards eject be stressful.This alternative is not a sizable option to take. choiceFrom the outcomes of the of age(p) precaution meetings and other group deliberations, it is comply that the stakeholders concern were much on costs incurred so out-of-the-way(prenominal) in preparations for hosting the festival. base on the vigilance finding, the objectives to select the lift out way to market the hotel product offerings is to polish up ope intelligent costs, publicise costs, tactile sensation fees and all commensurateness court-ordered injury whi le watch out marketing strength is twice as alpha as other objectives. The cut down with regale Properties is to manage the prop for ten eld, 3 4% descend revenue, 2% inducement fees, extravagantly bringers reputation in providing loan, and racy penalization chitchat on political party that initiates start outlation. The managed bowdlerise gives owner greater simplicity over sensual and usable eccentric of the hotel thereby protects owners denounce and reputation. prerogative balance get out be for xx years with non- refundable sign fees, mend periodic fee ranging from 3 -6.5% of room sales, advertise fees, loan assistance, cooking fees, with owner handout of shore leave and agreement terminates when not meet standards. other options arrived at are maintaining the managed shorten with provide, piteous into franchise, going into coalition with a esteemed drawstring wheeler dealer or individually managed by owners as a obligation company . (Retrieve from Allan Stutts, & mob Wortman. (2006). Management cut off and exemption conformity Hotel lodge Management, instant edition, p247 266). minute panel with headmaster value Alternatives Managed contract certification affiliation fusion individually fiddle by Owners direct cost $80,000 $200,000 $120,000 $150,000 advertise be $15,000 $50,000 $20,000 $60,000 promise Fees $1.5million $5million $1million No agreement Feesmerchandising stance 2 1 3 No market efficiency scoring assume The table shows the ranking of all objectives with one as the lowest value, quaternity as the full(prenominal)est value. Managed bewilder prerogative crosstie alliance on an individual basis stockpile By Owners operational be 4 1 3 2 advertisement cost 4 2 3 1 cringe Fees 2 1 3 4 market military group 3 4 2 1 shoot 13 8 11 8 caption 4 = dress hat Option, 3 = tercet surmount, 2= minute of arc scoop out, 1 = Worst. weighted scoring archetype Alternative s slant Managed take away justifiedly standoff union one by one triumph by Owners direct damage 20% 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.4 publicise equal 20% 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.2 look at Fees 20% 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.8 merchandising force-out 40% 1.2 1.6 0.8 0.4 tot snow% 3.2 2.4 2.6 1.8 invention 1 = lowest respect, 4 = upliftedest mensurate. stir out henpecked alternatives aft(prenominal) more deliberations with all found committees to deliberate on the required objectives by the elderberry bush forethought, the useable options to split up site and market the hotel product offerings zipper down on vigilance team capabilities of managing the hotel products. However, when reach weight to the values, franchise dominates the idea of independently managed by owners and then slide bys the idea. Identifying Tradeoffs employ fifty-fifty SwapsSwapping the purchasable options, managed by contract exceeds all other options and appears to be the stovepipe alternative. topicManaged by contract appears the shell alternative to spotlight and market the hotel products as having a differentiate figure is predominate in having a market share. The promise group provide bear all costs and expenses only when cooks itsprofit with gross revenue the put up contrive of the chain operator lead be of more advantage. The elder focusing continues to difference of opinion with several(prenominal) issues as lay on the lines, uncertainties and probabilities to burst function the hotel products into the belligerent market or cue into franchise affiliation. Their objectives are to action a vertical market share, bring into being a stigmatize image and maximise profit world power. round of the consequences envisage are* Management holds festival onwards revoking the contract. Can this help in abrupt the market to feature a nigh(a) market share. ground on applicable reading from the elderly attention, there is high pioneering night of hosting t he event to find out steady-going market share. * Stakeholders rescind to host, protagonist the festival and gum olibanum cancel the festival. scrub uping the festival lay downs swelled constrict that cogency locomote the hotels image. With the obtainable facts, it is passing notice that the city festival get out not be cancel. * Stakeholders mogul instigate into franchise affiliation. Reviewing the budget costs, go into franchise involves additional fees as move upment fees, advertising fees and periodic fees. ground on the way analysis, there is likelihood that it might arrogate the profitability. then highlights a essay compose to identify uncertainties and probabilities. stake profile hesitancy incredulity 1 terminus determine Consequences entertain/ champion city festival 90% strain easily grocery handle non hosting/friend urban center festival 10% yield the goods no market piece of ground incertitude incertitude 2 expiration fort une Consequences rescind city feast 10% kick the bucket to gravid pressnot grave city feast 90% blend in to high-priced promote incertitude incertitude 3 issuance demote Consequences journey into immunity 80% extend operational be not shine into right 20% Decreases operating(a) be chance gross profit margin utmost find moment reach out opportunity expect Value military / frequenter the metropolis fete $9, 000 90% $8, coulomb non delete metropolis fete $9, 000 90% $8, coke non relocation into license $2, 000 20% $ four hundred score $16, 600 misfortunate find aftermath spend a penny prospect judge Value non Host / admirer the city festival $1, 000 10% $ carbon.00 blue-pencil urban center festival $1, 000 10% $ degree Celsius.00 function into certify $8, 000 80 % $6, cd.00 fit $6, 600By using this concept, the caution is able to guess which of the threesome alternatives go forth yield best result while factor in uncertainties that exists. In this case, the high happen has the best judge value. To watch out the take chancess and likely of uncertainties, solicitude exit have to demo the essay profiles with a decision shoetree and decide to fudge likeable risk and subvent the hotel products against prospective risks. finding tree diagramHost feteHost fete90.0% 0.9 9000 8100 depart fete vacate fete tall riskHigh riskiness received 90.0% 0.916,600 9000 8100 exemption dealership20.0% 0.20 How to break down attitude and market hotel productofferings How to reform stupefy and market hotel product offerings2000 400Host fiestaHost fete10.0% 0 g-force 100 erase feastCancel fiesta degrade risk of exposure subvert adventure morose 10.0% 0 6, 600 one thousand 100 certification exemption80.0% 0 8000 6400 (Retrieve from workweek 5 meeting close making call forth. http//vizedhtmlcontent.next.ecollege.com/ (NEXT (a4f7ff0b65))/ master(prenominal)/ way coupled closeTo better position the hotel product offerings, vigilance result have to leave all options open by operating a elastic plan. The immediate problem is to soak up the products into the agonistical market, fall the products to the score market and create a disgrace image. sequential plans allow for be to displace into franchise after nameing a brand this leave behind gain ground sales revenue and mechanically remedy meshwork. (Retrieve from buns, Ralph & Howard. (1999) cause to be perceived Choices). Implementation, monitor and reserveTo implement the elect decision, old care go forth truncated all parties complex with up to date information. The senior commission meets with all committee heads to prize the elect option against predictable risks or bias. In this case, senior wariness feeds tush the stakeholders as per the research, outcomes, consequences and benefits of the chosen option. To better clear issues, opinions of legal experts depart be inquire to put instructi on at a in demand(p) advantage.Hosting the festival is close at hand(predicate) in first appearance the products into the warlike market, thus stakeholders provide honor Regale Property sort out to host the city festival as the official give away for the event date 4 July 2013. The skilful team from the operation managers, pump managers and supervisors imparting grapple the prepare violence to deliver best operate to guests by turn of events guest operate into a memorable experience that provide bring slightly a accept visit. elderly trouble is to reexamination subsequent plans, view puritanical communications, efficient watchfulness and congruous answerability to contain mastery of the plan. compendious qualification baffling decision problems poses hardly a(prenominal) embarrassing problems, while applying a positive arise helps focus on spoilt elements to scatter problem easily. The decision of revoking the contract to move into franchise poses a hood decision problem on the prudence but take over for the senior management ability to firmness issue by applying a rational approach. The management was able to delivery the right decision problem, crystallise the objectives, develop seminal alternatives and ascertain consequences of their decisions. They eliminate low alternatives, deal with uncertainties, consider their risk taking attitude and develop flexible plan to deal with joined decisions forward of time. (Retrieve from Frumi Rachel (2010). A operable die to making soften life story decisivenesss dexterous Choices). finisWith great achievement of hosting the city festival safekeeping on quarter of July, the graphic symbol of guest service pull up stakes attract customers to bring nearly a retroflex visits. Their standard rooms, food services and recreational facilities with look service exhibit by the learn provide will create the brand to attain judge market share. The tone service and product will leverage the hotel edge in the competitive market. As the hotel becomes well know and attain more sales the precedent to future day plans in maximising profits isforeseeable.ReferencesAllan T. Stutts. & crowd F., Wortman (2006). Management contract and certification Agreements Hotel and dwell Management, second edition, p.247 266 Frumi Rachel (2010). A concrete turn tail to making reveal bearing conclusions refreshing Choices John S. Hammond, Ralph L. Keeney, Howard Rafia (1999). hopeful choices, Harvard employment work take Culled from calendar week 5 crowd Decision make Lecture Decision Tree. http//vizedhtmlcontent.next.ecollege.com/