Analytical Examination Essay Example for Free

Analytical Examination EssayThis paper will analyze to the highest degree the RA 10354 in any case called Responsible Parenthood and fruitful Health Act of 2012. This essay will present a short history of the fair play here(predicate) in the Philippines until it befit enacted and implemented. This will discuss the major provisions of the law unitedly with its important contents ranging from health care to contraception. This will alike discuss the issues that are machine- admittanceible to this law while it was a bill sticker such as maternal death, early pregnancy, premarital sex, poverty and population and reproductive health education. Issues concerned with formula of the bill such as the necessity and incorruptity of the bill and its contents like contraception and reproductive health education will be curiously presented. Other sunrise(pre noinal)s which may permit affected the support for the bill will be also presented and analyzed. This will also present t he major groups that extol or oppose the said law together with their reasons why they want or are against the said law. This will also talk about the actions those groups have taken for or against the law which may have affected the support for the bills implementation.This is also concerned with the voices of certain world organizations such as UNESCO and WHO on reproductive health education and the stand of the church service on the matter about contraception, self-continence and marriage. This will be concerned about their conjure upment about the matter and the doctrines and values they adhere with. Summary Since its first proposition on 1988, the Reproductive Health Bill experienced more debates if it was really needed here in the Philippines.The proposition was changed and ameliorated by a number of proponents many times but was mostly neglected. Then, a similar bill was also introduced in the first regular session of the 14th Congress by Albay Rep. Edcel C. Lagman, Jann ette L. Garin, Narciso D. Santiago III, Mark Llandro Mendoza, Ana Theresia Hontiveros-Baraquel and Elandro Jesus F. Madrona that was known as House Bill 5043. corresponding that of the former bills, it was also disposed but its proponents never stop to improve, change and remove some parts of the former bill to create a new one.Many times Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman and its principal authors would edit the bill until the Reproductive Bill of 2012 was formed. Senator Pia Cayetano was also a principal sponsor of such bill. Upon December 19, 2012, the Senate enacted the bill and on December 21, 2012, four days before Christmas His Presidency, Benigno Aquino III signed the bill and was to be implemented fifteen days after its official publication. The law was known as RA 10354 or Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012.Its major provisions are to promote and have access to reproductive health care and methods that are legal and safe, to promote family supply methods and responsible parenthood, to counsel women who committed abortion in a humane way, to designate reproductive health education in age appropriateness to students, to supply and maintain reproductive health services to all, to protect reproductive health rights and to penalize those who restricts or prohibits the access to reproductive health care and methods stated in this law. The law mandates the hire of skilled health professionals for maternal health care and throw attendance, seen in Sec.5. It also promotes the upgrade of health care facilities for obstetric and newborn care as stated in Sec. 6 and to access for family planning methods oddly to the poor and marginalized couple and to sexually active minors as said in Sec. 7. The law also states that hormonal contraceptives, intrauterine devices, injectables and other safe, legal, non-abortifacient and effective family planning products and supplies(RA 10354, Sec. 9) should be treated in the Essential Drugs List after subjectio n to reputable medical associations.It also mandates the procurement and distributions of family-planning supplies and age appropriate reproductive health education, stated in Sec. 10 and 14 respectively. And lastly, to condemn any who shall prohibit the access to health care and family-planning supplies. Since its first introduction by Albay Rep. Edcel Lagman, this law had reaped many opposition and approval before being enacted. The pro-woman groups fought for saving the lives of woman from maternal death on the other hand the Church and other pro-life groups fought for self-respect of the unborn and the sanctity of marriage.The senate itself was divided for selecting to if they will oppose or approve the bill. The Former President and Pampanga Rep. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo was known to opposed the bill and be backed upon by the Church meanwhile President Benigno Aquino III shown agreement towards the bill and expected its implementation. The pronouncement of pope Emeritus Benedic t XVI to condoms also became news if the Church was open to contraception. This gave new hope for Edcel Lagman from acceptance of the Church but Paranaque Rep.Roilo Golez explained that the Pope talks about health, that pr all the sameting HIV from distributeing is showing compassion but the Pope doesnt said to use condoms to prevent pregnancy. Issues also attract the said bill. First, is about the legislation of the bill, if it was really relevant here in the country with regards to overpopulation, accessibility/Provisions for RH information and healthcare for mothers and children. Another issue is if the RH Bill is moral, if the Church must interfere with the State and if the government is willing to lay down funds to the bill.Third, is about the consequence of a widespread of contraceptives with regards to health and sexual behavior. The last is concerned in the need of sex education in the country. The CBCP together with the national Church felt that it was time to educate ag ain its faithful and made efforts on counteracting the bill. The Church turned offering masses, praying for the enlightenment of congressmen and women and explained that principles of the bill neutralize the sanctity of life and marriage. They stated that overpopulation was not the problem but corruption and the unequal distribution of peck.They seek to get online, and used CBCP for Life for addressing the matter and allow the Simbang Gabi 2012 be used for educating the faithful. They also made catechisms with themes regarding the RH. Meanwhile, pro-woman and pro-RH group also organize plans for the bill. They have tied violet ribbons on their arm signifying their fight against HIV-AIDS. Informed people about gender inequality, maternal deaths, teenage pregnancy and HIV-AIDS and that the bill would help minimize or eliminate such problems.UNESCO and WHO also promotes the education of youths regarding reproductive health. They state that benefits such as a delay in sexual initiati on reduction of unwanted pregnancies, child abuse and abortion and a slower spread of HIV could be obtained. It can also induce progress to gender equity, social participation and partnership. It prepares the youths for responsibility as adults, emphasizes health promotion and can improve relevance in education systems. Meanwhile, the Catholic Church holds its deposit of faith centered on Divine Love and Unity in conjugal union.Its Catechism says that Marriage is by which a man and a woman establish intimate communion for life which is ordered for the good of the spouse and the procreation and education of children,(1660, Catechism of the Catholic Church). It also states that the total reciprocal self-giving is overlaid through contraception for it is a refusal for the total giving of self through taking away openness to life,( 2370,Catechism of the Catholic Church). It states that even intercourse with a legitimate wife but taking away the power to generate life is contrary to God s will and leaves offense of a grave sin,(55-56, Casti Connubii).The Church also teaches the virtue of chastity, that the couple must exercise conjugal love and fidelity and that of safeguarding life form the moment of conception, (51, Gaudium et Spes). She teaches that Marriage can never justify sexual intercourse which is contraceptive which oppose to its true meaning and that artificial methods could lead to marital infidelity and lowering moral standards, reduction of woman as mere object of satisfaction and intervening of public authorities to the most personal and intimate responsibilities of couples, (14,17 Humanae Vitae).It also addresses the value of self-control to repel inordinate self-interests and to control the passions of the body,(21, Humanae Vitae). References Software Ecumenical Council of Vatican II. Catechism of the Catholic Church. Retrieved from CATECH01. exe Websites and Webpages Anonymous. (2012, December 21). Republic Act 10354. Retrieved from http//pcw. g ov. ph/sites/default/files/documents/laws/republic_act_10354. pdf Burgonio, T. (2010, November 21). Popes pronouncement on condoms strengthens RH Bill Lagman. Retrieved from http//newsinfo. inquirer.net/breakingnews/nation/view/20101121-304495/Popes-pronouncement-on-condoms-strengthens-RH-billLagman Dionisio, E. R. (2012, August 8). A Guide to Arguments for and against the Reproductive Health Bill. Retrieved from http//www. adnu. edu. ph/images/A%20Guide%20to%20Arguments %20For%20and%20Against%20the%20Reproductive%20Health%20Bill. pdf Ecumenical Council of Vatican II. Gaudium et Spes. Retrieved from http//www. vatican. va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_cons_19651207_gaudium-et-spes_en. hypertext mark-up language Paul VI. Humanae Vitae.Retrieved from http//www. vatican. va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_25071968_humanae-vitae_en. html Pius XI. Casti Connubii. Retrieved from http//www. vatican. va/holy_father/pius_xi/encyclicals/docu ments/hf_p-xi_enc_31121930_casti-connubii_en. html Sun. star. Church RH Bill. Retrieved from http//www. sunstar. com. ph/davao/weekend/church-rh-bill Saclag, D. E. D. Group asks SC to lift suspension of RH Law. Retrieved from http//www. bworldonline. com/content. php? section=Nationtitle=Group-asks-SC-to-lift-suspension-of-RH-Lawid=71130 Unknown.(2012, August 14). Reproductive Health Bill, Good or Bad. Retrieved from http//behealthconsciousblog. wordpress. com/2012/08/14/reproductive-health-bill-good-or-bad/ Unknown. (2012, December 29). Republic Act 10354, Reproductive Health Act of 2012. Retrieved from http//filipinoscribe. com/2012/12/29/republic-act-10354-reproductive-health-act-of-2012/ Unknown. House Bill no. 5043, Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008. Retrieved from http//jlp-law. com/blog/full-text-of-house-bill-no-5043-reproductive-health-and-population-development-act-of-2008/Villegas, B. M. et al. (2012, September 12) Handbook of Truths on RH Bill. R etrieved from http//cbcpforlife. com/? p=8859 Villegas, S. B. (2012, December 15). Contraception is Corruption, A rural Letter on the Latest decision on the Rh Bill. Retrieved from http//cbcponline. net/v2/? p=6241 World Health Organization. Family Life, Reproductive Health and Population Education line Elements of a Health-Promoting School. Retrieved from http//hivaidsclearinghouse. unesco. org/search/resources/HIV%20AIDS%20231. pdf

The Behaving Brain Essay Example for Free

The Behaving Brain EssayThe Video begins by explaining what we learned in class on thorium about how the point is made up of and how it works. It explained that a message will travel down axon and then(prenominal) the message travels into the dendrites that release the message into the synapse. The brain becomes the most complex thing in the universe because it controls so many different things in the human body. It regulates our metabolism, temperature and respiration. It also enables us to learn, remember and decide. The video then moved on to talking about a new breed of scientists called neuroscientists. They are guided my the assumption that everything in the brain can be explained by biological or chemical events taking place within it either through out the entire brain or a region within. It went on to explain certain parts of the brain such as the brain stem, which controls life support in the body. The cerebellum that controls body movement and the limbic system whi ch maintains the bodies in spite of appearance workings and controls emotions.Ways of approaching the shoot of the brain is with brain imaging, which can provide researchers with actual pictures of the brains inner workings. The best way to study the brain is to scan the brains electrical activity using a EEG machine. E. Roy John practices neurometrics. A way of recorded electrical activity of a patient and comparing it with a recording of normal brain activity. It enables you to see if any certain person has a mental or emotional disease such as notion or alcoholism. Some researchers study the brain chemically. Joseph Martinez focuses on chemicals that promote learning and memory. He tries to coax the brain to remember or in some cases eat up things by introducing certain chemicals into the body. This research is being practiced in search for a cure for Alzheimers disease. The last section of the video was on a study of patients with Amnesia. Mieke Vertaellie works with patient s in helping them recover and build new memories of which have been forgotten.Her patients are given word to remember to the best of there ability then try to recite what words they remembered. Patients with Amnesia usually can remember memories or information 10 years back but are uneffective to remember anything more recent. I found the research experiment Joseph Martinez was using with rats to be very interesting. Training a rat in maze to watch food by following a certain track in the maze. After the rat had been trained to find the food Martinez introducing a chemical causation the rat to forget its training and wasnt able to find the food. I thought that was a great step in finding a cure for Alzheimers disease. scarcely understanding the brain seems to be an ongoing and maybe never ending search to understand it. Its amazing to think a brain weighing 3 lbs is capable of being able to know more than any computer is a big thought to wrap your head around. I found the most in teresting research in the video to be the chemical research. So much can be controlled with the chemicals in the brain. pain, happiness, depression, motor control is all controlled by the brain. Introducing more or less of a neurotransmitter can benefit humans in hundreds of ways.

Strategic Operational And Tactical Level Information Technology Essay

Strategic Operational And Tactical Level info engineering science EssayIt is the combination of education Technology and people using it to carry out trading operations and perplexity. In a large sense it is frequently used with in people to motion entropy and technology. It is withal refer to Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which is used in organization, where people work with this to support business makees.There is a clear distinguishable between nurture transcription, ICT and business procedure. IT is completely different from information brass, information system consist of ICT comp mavinnt. Information system service of services to control the movement of business process.Information system is a special type of work system, which produces products or proceedss for customer, where human and machines perform work using ICT and resources. Information system purpose is to process information.Information system is a system which represents entropy and process as a form of social memory. Information system supports human finality reservation and action.What is the role of Information Systems in todays competitive business environment on Strategic, Operational and Tactical level?Strategic LevelIS (Information system) supports business processes and operationsIS helps managers to accomplish their daily activities and functions properly, for ensample, in bank, creation of accounts, statement generation etc take place and IS helps managers control such activities with greater accuracy and in a timely way of life-time with the help of softw ar.IS supports ending qualification for managers and employeesIS takes information as input and hence processes it to generate information simply defined as Input Process Information. This information is used by the managers for the improvement of their organizations, for example, existing historical data about customers in bank house be analyzed by IS and important information c an be generated standardized bad customers and good customers, etc. This information can be used by managers piece of music deciding whether to approve loan for late customers or notIS supports in making strategic ending for competitive advantageBy analyzing data collected from different sources, IS can supply valuable information such as which items to launch in which location so that the company can pay advantage over their competitors using this information. IS can also help business houses in carrying out their business processes differently than their competitors.Operational LevelIS promises Operational excellence In order to achieve higher(prenominal) profitability, businesses improve their operations efficiency. Managers make use of IS in business operations to achieve higher levels of productivity and efficiency. An excellent example is the use of the RetailLink system at Wal-Mart this system digitally links ein truth one of the Wal-Marts stores with its suppliers the supplier is monitoring the items and as soon as an item is purchased, the supplier knows that a replacement essential be shipped to the shelf.IS helps create new products, business moldings and services In firms, Information system is a crucial tool in creating new services and products and new business models. Business models describe how the companies produce, deliver and sells a product or service to be successful. An example is Apple Inc it trans organize an old business model which was found on its iPod technology platform that included iPod, iPhone and the iTunes music service.IS helps monitor increase Supplier/Customer intimacy When a customer is served well by a business, he usually responds by returning and purchasing more from the business this raises the profits and revenues of the business. The more the business engages its suppliers, the better the suppliers ar able to post vital inputs which in turn lowers greets. An example is the high-end hotel, Manhattans Th e Mandarin Oriental and other such high-end hotels they illustrate the use of IS and technology to achieve better customer intimacy. They dawn guests preferences using computers, such as their preferred television programs, check-in times and room temperatures.Tactical LevelIS helps making better decisions Many managers operate in an information bank and they never have the relevant information at the right moment to make a learned decision poor outcomes like these loose customers and raise costs. Managers can use real time data while making decisions IS allow managers to use real-time data from the marketplace while making decisions. An example is the Verizon Corporation, which uses a network-based digital dashboard that gives managers accurate real-time information on customer complains and network performances. By using this information, managers can cursorily inform customers of the repair work, assign repair resources to the involved argonas, and restore service promptly.Comp etitive advantage When the firms achieve the business objectives, for example, customer intimacy, running(a) excellence, improved decision making, new services, products and business models, than it is most like that they have achieved a competitive advantage already. Accomplishing these things finer than their objects, responding to suppliers and customers in real time, charging less for premium products all minimal brain dysfunction up to higher sales and profits. An example is the Toyota mathematical product System which mainly focuses on organizing work to make continuous improvements, eliminating waste Toyota Production System is based on what the customers actually ordered.How are Information Systems transforming the usable areas of organizations?Computers are used for almost any task. We check email with it, watch media, bank and more. Information is the life of organization, damaged or lost data can cause financial loss, law suits, etc. Information system contains hardwa re, software, data, applications, communication and people. It helps an organization to manage and seize its critical corporate, customer and employee data. Information system improves work process and gives lot of other benefits. An example is the movement Processing System (TPS) which is used in one functional area of a business it process routine transactions more accurately and efficiently. TPS has galore(postnominal) sub-species which are directly linked to their respective functional areas, for example, there is Finance and Accounting Systems for the functional areas of accounts and finance, benignant Resource System for the Human Resource area, etc.Information System is different form other system because its purpose is to monitor and document the operations of other systems, we can also call it target system. For example, production activities would be the target system for a production scheduling information system, human resources would be the target system of a human resource information system. Every reactive system has a sub system called Information system, whose purpose is to monitor and control system.Task 2There are umteen, many types of Information systems, provided the most communal ones are theseTransaction Processing System (TPS) ending Support System (DSS) Management Information System (MIS) Office Automation System (OAS) Executive Information System (EIS) and Data Warehouses (DW).Transaction Processing System (TPS) TPS is a basic business system and it handles the tracking and touch on of transactions. A transaction is simply an font which is of interest to the organization, for example, a railway booking system in which Booking, Cancellation, etc are all transactions or a sale at a store. TPS is very useful and has many functions and itServes the most elementary day-to-day activities of an organization.Is very often crucial to the survival of the organizationUsually has high volumes of output and input necessitate to be fault- tolerantSupports the operational level of the businessSupplies data for higher-level management decisionsCan have strategic consequences, for example, airline reservation systemDeals with well-structured processes.A Transaction processing system has many sub-species, some of which areSales and Marketing Systems These are systems that support the sales and marketing functions by easing the movement of services and goods from producers to customers. For example, a Stores sale system would automatically record and total purchase transactions and print out a packing list this would improve customer service and maintain customer data.Manufacturing and Production systems These systems supply data to operate, control and monitor the production processes, such as shipping, receiving, purchasing, scheduling, engineering, resource management, quality control, etc. For example, a system in factory that measures samples of products and gets information from that then statistically analyses the samples and shows when the operators should take corrective action.Human Resource System These systems deal with performance evaluation, compensation, placement, career development and recruitment of the firms employees. Examples of HRS include training and skills, applicant tracking, personnel record keeping, positions, benefits.Finance Accounting System These systems maintain records which c at oncern the flow of funds in the firm and they also produce financial statements, such as income statements and balance sheets. E.g for General Ledger Budgeting, Billing Cost Accounting, Accounts Payable/ Receivable Funds management systems, payroll. These systems were among the earliest to be computerized. Examples of Financial systems are loan management, cash management, securities trading and check processing.Management Information Systems (MIS) They assist lower management in problem solving and making decisions. MIS usually takes data from the transaction processing system and summar izes it into a series of management reports which are to be used by the middle management and operational supervisors. MIS is a set of information processing functions and queries should be handled by it as quickly as they arrive. Database is an important element of MIS. MIS simply provides managers with feedback on daily operations it also provides information and support for stiff decision making. An example of MIS is an annual budgeting system.Decision Support System (DSS) DSS provides information, models or analysis tools to the senior managers and strategic management staff to help them make decisions. DSS are used for support of unstructured decisions and they are for analytical work mainly, for example, creating of what-if models using spreadsheets databases. An example job for a Decision Support System would be a 6 year operating plan.Office Automation Systems (OAS) They are used to improve the productivity of employees who need to process data information for reducing pa per warfare. For example, Microsoft Office XP improves the productivity of employees working in an office or system that allow employees to work from home or whilst on the move. OAS software tools are often integrated and are designed for easy operations (for example, a graph from a spreadsheet can be merchandise in the Word Processor).Executive Information System (EIS) Also known as Executive Support System (ESS) and it provides information to the executives in a promptly accessible, interactive format. EIS (or ESS) usually allow summary of the entire organization and also allows drilling down to specific levels of detail. EIS also use data which is produced by demonstrate level Transaction Processing System so the executives can gain an overview of the entire organization. EIS require extensive staff to operate and are very high-ticket(prenominal) to run and are used by top level (strategic) management.Data Warehouses System A Data Warehouse is a place where data is stored ana lysis, protective covering and archival purposes. A data warehouse is usually either a single computer or a giant computer system formed by tying many computers together. Besides storing large amount of data, they must also possess the systems in place that would make it easy to access the data and use in day-to-day operations. It is also sometimes referred to be a major role player in DSS, or Decision Support System.How you aim the major support systems, and relate them to managerial functions?Support systems are Office Automation, Decisions Support Systems, Management Information system and TPS.Management Information system (MIS) in the main takes the data from TPS (Transaction processing system) and summarizes it into a series of management reports, which are used by operational supervisors and also by the middle management.Decision-Support Systems are designed to help management make decisions, when there is uncertainty about the possible outcome. DSS gather relevant informat ion with the help of tools and techniques and analyze the options and alternatives. DSS often create what-if models with the use of databases and spreadsheets. knowledge Management Systems (KMS) helps business create and share information. This helps employees who creates and shares knowledge and expertise, which is shared in organization to create further commercial opportunities. KMS allows efficient categorization and distribution of knowledge. For example knowledge might be in word documents, spreadsheets, power point or internet etc, to share KMS would use collaboration system like intranet.Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) process routine transaction accurately and efficiently and businesses may have many TPS, for exampleInvoices are sent to customers using the Billing systemsSystems that describe monthly and weekly payroll and tax paymentsCalculations of raw materials using Production and purchasing systemsUsing Stock control systems to process of all movement deep down the businessesOffice Automation Systems (OAP) improves the productivity of the employees that process data information. For example, Microsoft Office XP improves productivity of employees that work in an office or system that enable employees to work on the move or from home.Task 3Describe the tools and techniques provided by the Information Systems department and its relationship with end-users to solve the specific problems?The Information system department provides many different tools and techniques to solve problems and the main ones areData Warehouses Their main purpose is to establish a data storehouse that makes operational data accessible in a form which is readily acceptable for analytical processing activities like Decision Support or EIS. Data Warehouses have many different characteristics such as Organization (data are organized), Time Variant (data kept for 5-10 years so it can be used for forecasting and comparisons), Non-Volatility (data are not updated once it has b een entered in the warehouse), Consistency (data are coded in a logical manner) and Client/Server (the data warehouse provides the end user an easy access to the data by using the clients/servers).How it solves problemsThe Data in the warehouses is organized for less confusionThe Data is stored for a long time, allows for forecasts and comparisonsTakes raw data and codes it in a consistent matter for easy analysisProvides the end user an easy access to its dataThe data warehouse uses a relational structureThe data are located in one place, allows data to be reached quicklyWeb browsers can be used to allow end users to reach data substantiallyData Mining the process of analyzing data from different views and then summarizing it into useful information. Such information could be used to cut costs, raise revenue or both. For years, companies have used very powerful computers to sift through large volumes of supermarket scanner data and analyze market research reports. Data Mining is currently being used in areas like Retailing and Sales, Banking, Insurance, Airlines, Health Care, Computer Software Hardware, etc.How it solves problemsData mining automates the process of discovering predictive information in very large databasesData mining tools identify previous hidden patterns in just one stepCan operate on crude or even unstructured information.Text Web Mining Text mining is the application of data mining to less structured text files. Web Mining are mining tools which can be used to analyze large amounts of data on the Web (like what customers are doing on the Internet).How it solves problemsGroups documents by greenness themes, making them easier to locate sortFinds the hidden content of documents and also additional useful relationshipsGeographic Information System (GIS) this is a computer-based system which is used for capturing, checking, storing, manipulating, compound and displaying data using digitalized maps.How it solves problemsEvery digital object or record has an identified geographical locationBranch performances can be monitored, analyzed and compared leger and traffic patterns of business activities can be monitoredGeographical area served by each Bank branch can be observed, to plan if new banks are needed or not.Data Visualization This is the presentation of data by technologies like digital images, graphical user interface, 3-d presentations and animations, geographical information systems, realistic reality, multidimensional graphs tables.How it solves problemsPresents many different kinds of data into a common, understandable way for better more accurate analysis reduces errors too.On-Line Analytic Processing this is the technology that allows users of multidimensional databases to generate on-line comparative summaries of data and other analytical enquiries OLAP can also be integrated into corporate databases systems.How it solves problemsOLAP facilities allow managers and analysts to monitor the performan ce of the business or market.The end-results of OLAP technologies can be very simple (frequency tables, etc) to make the data much easier to understand and analyze.How the Executives may use any alternative data/ information processing techniques to support the decision makingThis is a crucial step in making an effective decision. The more good options that you consider, the more comprehensive your final decision will be.You force yourself to reach deeper and you look at problems via different angles, when you generate alternatives. By using the mindset there must be other solutions out there, you have more chance to make the best possible decision. If you havent got other reasonable alternatives, then theres not much of a decision to makeBelow is a summary of some of the important techniques and tools to help teams develop good alternatives.Generating IdeasBrainstorming is possibly the most well known system for generating ideas.Reverse Brainstorming works in the same manner. But , it works by asking people to brainstorm of how to achieve the opposite result from the one required, and then simply reversing those actions.The Charette Procedure is a systematic process and it gathers and develops ideas from many stakeholders.Crawford Slip Writing Technique generates ideas from a large number of people. This method is extremely effective and ensures that ideas from everyone are heard and weighed equally irrespective of the persons power in the organization.Explore the AlternativesYou need to evaluate the risks and implications of each choice once you are completely well-provided that you have a good selection of realistic alternatives.RiskTheres almost always some degree of uncertainty in decision making process that may lead to risks, inevitably. You can determine if the risk is manageable of not simply by evaluating the risks involved with the options.Risk Analysis allows you to look at risks impartially. It prize threats and evaluates the probability of eve nts taking place using a structured approach their management costs.ImplicationsYou can consider the potential consequences of each of your optionsSix Thinking Hats, later on viewing the alternatives from 6 different perspectives, you can assess the consequences of a decision.Impact Analysis, useful technique for brainstorming the unexpected outcomes that could mount from a decision.Choose the go around AlternativeAfter assessing the different alternatives, the following step is choosing between them. The choice could be very obvious, but if it is not, then the tools below will help grid Analysis (or decision matrix), is a very useful tool for this type of evaluation. It helps bring different factors in the process of decision making in a reliable way, therefore this tool is invaluable.Paired Comparison Analysis help decide the importance of differing factors and helps you compare factors that are unlike and decide which ones should influence your decision the most.Decision Trees are useful in deciding between options. These bring the probability of project failure/success in the decision making process and help you lay out the various options available to you.Task 4Information systems are made out of components that can be assembled in many different congurations resulting in a variety of information systems and applications, much as construction materials can be assembled to build different homes. The size and cost of a home depend on the purpose of the building, the availability of money, and constraints such as ecological and environmental legal requirements. Just as there are many different types of houses, so there are many different types of information systems. We classify houses as single-family homes, apartments, townhouses, and cottages. Similarly, it is useful to classify information systems into groups that share resembling characteristics. A classication such as this may help in identifying systems, analyzing them, planning new Information Sys tems CongurationsOrganizations are made up of components such as variabilitys, departments, and work units, organized in hierarchical levels. For example, most organizations have functional departments, such as production and accounting, which report to plant management, which report to a division head. The divisions report to the corporate headquarters. Although some organizations have restructured themselves in innovative ways, such as those based on cross-functional teams, today the vast majority of organizations still have a traditional hierarchical structure. Thus, we can nd information systems built for headquarters, for divisions, for the functional departments, for operating units, and even for individual employees. Such systems can stand alone, but usually they are interconnected. Typical information systems that follow the organizational structure are functional (departmental), enterprise-wide, and inter-organizational. These systems are organized in a hierarchy in which each higher-level system consists of several (even many) systems from the level below it. A departmental system supports the functional areas in each company. At a higher level, the enterprise-wide system supports the entire company, and inter-organizational systems connect different companies.The major functional information systems are organized around the traditional departments- Finance IS Finance IS Accounting IS Accounting IS Human Resources Human Resources Corporate a System Electronic Market Electronic Market Corporate B System Marketing IS Marketing IS Production IS Production IS Administrative IS Administrative IS Corporate C System

Coca Cola Management Strategy

coca locoweed Management StrategyThe advent of green divinitydess wars has drastic completelyy changed the entire scenario of this soft drink industry. There argon different giants playing in this industry and coca plant Cola is amongst them. The fierce competitors Pepsi and certain different nocks are trying their level best to change the scenario of this industry by eating up mart shares but coca Colas management scheme is so updated and relevant that they are ahead of their competition. Originating from just unmatched marquemark 125 years go the strategy of Coca Cola has strengthened so much that they pull in launched more than than 500 brands. The compevery originated from selling 9 odd drinks in a day in 1886 to 1.8 billion a day in the underway era. The bon ton has grown at an enormous pace and saltationing from just a single city to expanding its operations to more than 200 countries of the man (Coca Cola , 2012). The harvest actually initiated from a pharm acy and gained so much conquest after a certain period of time that it is regarded as one of the biggest brand of the world. modernistic brands were added by this organization in their order product line and after a certain period of time close to of the brands flourished with time (Coca Cola, 2012). simply Coke is considered as one of the biggest brand and flourished at an enormous pace. The brand has grown in such a way that a reinvigorated voice communication of Cola drinks actually came into existence beca wont of this. Catering to the needs of the customer is the biggest success secret of this brand. They know what the customer is actually asking for and they provide the customer that in such a way that the needs are properly satisfied with it. The history of the organization is quite rich and they agree travelled their way veneer several(prenominal) leaps and bounds. Coca-Cola has the greatest appreciated product name globally and, as one of the greatest noticeable org anizations globally, it has great prospect to outshine in each scope of corporate performance (Ferrell, Ferrell, Fraedrich, 2011, p. 308). The organization though has been confronted by many ethical problems in delight in with their shareholders. Uncertain about the societys widespread contributions to the society and educational aspects, numerous shareholders are losing faith in the 100 year old organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .Limitations of researchEvery research has certain limitations and the introduction depicts that the core research would nidus on the strategy management process of Coca Cola and discusses the scenario that are utilized by the organization. The limitations of research are initiated by the usage of secondary sources in the research. The information are taken from these sources and it goatnot be properly commented that the information presented in these sources are hundred percent right. Moreover, another limitation of this resear ch is that this research should solo be utilized for academic purposes and it should not be used for the decision making process for organizational purpose. In the similar manner it should be noteworthy that this research is prepared by an individual and all rights are reserved.Organizational StrategyReviewing the strategic planning process that keep this organization competitive in this industry are several factors that are associated with this organization. The biggest aspect is the fact the formation of a well established mission and vision. In the similar manner one can easily say that all the strategic decision taken by the management are aligned with the vision and mission of the organization (Hill Jones, 2012). The objectives are designed so professionally that they are achieved within the stipulated deadline in such a way that they organization achieves success in two the short and the bulky run.The mission of the organization revolves around the scenario that they shou ld refresh the world in body, mind and spirit. In the similar manner their objectives focus on the scenario that they should create a remainder in everywhere they engage (Sevenson, 2001). The values of this organization are based on leadership, diversity, passion, integrity, collaboration, quality etc. Strategists and decision acquirers usually claim that the global strategy of this organization is so enormous and gigantic because of the effective decision makers in the organization. Their strategy is up to the mark because the organization is responsive internally and externally. The achieve success in every form because they are aware about the culture of their organization and they generate an atmosphere in their organization which results in a win-win space (Hill Jones, 2012). The collaboration of all the stakeholders that are internal and external generates and great fusion for Coca Cola and that is the reason why it is regarded as the brand with the highest level of brand rightfulness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The competition in the soft drink industry is quite fierce because of two giant brands which are Coke and Pepsi (Dana 1999). The competition between these two brands is termed as the Cola Wars. Coca Cola is considered to be the leader of this industry and Pepsi is usually criticized by the grocery store placeing strategists as the brand that utilizes the imitating strategy. The current scenario is so confusing for both the brands because in order to attack the grocery store leader Pepsi should have a distinctive plan or a sustainable competitive improvement (Mazze Michman, 1998). The strategies with respect to target market and introduction of a sub brand in the market of both the organizations are relatively the same because both the organizations are pains hard to capture the market share so that they can accommodate the leaders in the Cola industry. Pepsis market share in Asia is m uch more than Coke however, besides Asia Coke captures the entire world and this strategy of Coke has taken Pepsi by a storm. The Cola are virtually fought in approximately every country of the world and organization with an effective strategy wins the race (Boutzikas 2000). Each brand is fighting the battle with different brands and both possess several non-alcoholic brands to get a share in customers stomach. Since the competition is becoming more and more dynamic with the advent of time and that is the reason why the arena is accommodate much fuzzier and because of this reason the rivals are much difficult to identify and anticipate (Day Reibstein, 2004).Organizations usually learn from their past mistakes and that is the reason why they develop a encyclopaedism habit to face any external and internal issues (Vrontis, 2003). Coke made a marketing research blunder which dipped the competitive graph of their brand and they were sinking in the competitive battle with other brand s. Coke, due to blind tests changed the taste of the Coke and developed a formula to make it sweeter. This strategy backfired dim badly and people started to dislike the name new coke and after a certain period of time they started to dislike the taste too. About $ 4 billion were spent on this campaign and it came out to be a blunder for the club (Axson, 2011)Review of the LiteratureThe current objectives of this organization are to use the formidable assets of the bon ton that is their brands to its full potential and attain a sustainable competitive advantage through globally reaching the maximum customers. There are several different strategies that are opted by Coca Cola to attain sustainable maturation.For analyzing the effectiveness of employed occupancy strategies by the management at Coca Cola telephoner, critical analysis of current market status of the company has been discussed subsequently.SWOT Analysis of Coca Cola CompanyFor strategic evaluation of the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats which any organization, project, or a business venture comes up with, SWOT Analysis is commonly used. Primary aim behind the conduction of SWOT Analysis is to soundly identify what internal as well as external factors are favorably or unfavorably influencing the growth and development of any business (Champman, 2007). In this section, Coca Cola is the undertaken company for the description and evaluation of SWOT.StrengthsGlobally, the Coca Cola Company has following key aspects as its business strengthsThe brand date and equity allied with the company is internationally recognizedThe brands and products of the company are strategically distributed all over the world by means of strong and efficient diffusion networkThe overall financial performance of the company is relatively higher than its competitorsCoke is globally recognized, acknowledged as well as the most preferred brand for soft-drink lovers.The product-line associated with the c ompanys brand is extensively diversifiedStrong and reliable corporate identity.Continues innovation and improvisation in business plans and strategiesWeaknessesCoca Cola has following weaknesses on international groundsDespite of having tremendous financial performance of the company, it has high rank in credit ratingsContinuously diverging customer concentrations due to other brands in competition, specifically in US.Customer loyalty towards Pepsi products, which is the biggest and the strongest contender of Coke around the world.In Asiatic countries, like India and Pakistan, Coke failed to acquire 1 target in soft-drink industry.OpportunitiesCoke Company has following significant opportunities world-wideThe tremendously escalating demand of soft drinks all over the world.As company has expanded its covered market areas by introducing brands of mineral water, juices, soft-drinks etc, it can reach almost every market segment.Increasing globalization will allow Coca Cola to have s ure enough globalized business operationsHealth Conscious People are being cateredDrastic growth in mineral water demandSmaller market players acquisitions.ThreatsFollowing business threats are being faced by the companySince soft-drinks are considered to be unhealthy in such scenarios, healthy drinks usually manufacture by the Fruit Juice Companies are imposing business threats to the Coca Cola Company, worldwide.Customers increasing inclinations towards critical competitors (like Pepsi, etc)Growing financial crisis and thus, prices of productsBiased image perceptions in different countries of the world.BCG Matrix for Coca ColaBCG Analysis is an acronym for Boston Consulting assembly Analysis. The concept of BCG Matrix was firstly put forward during 1970 by Bruce Henderson for the Boston Consulting Group with the intentions of helping companies in their business evaluation practices on the basis of their business units or product lines (Middleton, 2003). BCG analysis is considered as an analytical tool for marketing of brands, product management, strategic management, and portfolio analysis. All in all, it helps organizations to allocate their business resources.Components of BCG Matrix To better understand the analytical techniques used in BCG matrix, its core components are described in the segment below1. StarsRepresenting the highly developed business with strong market position and financial performance as compared to its competitors. Businesses rated under this category are considered to be ideal with high shares refers.2. CashBusinesses having low growth rates but higher point shares are enter under this category of BCG Matrix. It is assumed that the businesses recorded in this category were initially stars but somehow failed to maintain their attractiveness over time.3. Question MarkBusinesses having high rates of growth and development but, their point shares are low, are recorded under this category of BCG Matrix. This category is the reflection of certain potentials that business has for future growth and development but, at the same time, indicates the sine qua non of extensive efforts to increase point shares.4. DogsIn this category, businesses have both low point share as well as low rates of growth and development.A general representation of BCG Matrix is given in the figure belowFigure 1 The BCG Matrix (Source Middleton, 2003)As far as Coca Cola Company is concerned, the BCG Matrix analysis for the company is based upon following statisticsFigure 2 Coca Colas Performance from all over the World (Source Ahmad et al 2007)On the basis of afore-mentioned statistical analysis of Coca Cola Company, created BCG Matrix for the company is given belowFigure 3 BCG Matrix for Coca Cola Company (Source Ahmad et al 2007)Porters Five Force Model for Coca ColaFor carrying out industrial analysis, The Five Force Model presented by Michael Porter in 1979 is being used as the de facto framework since the time of its introduction. The c ompetitiveness of market is analyzed by Porters five forces. The current or potential risks that a company can have from its associated industry are concluded by the experts after employing this model. Following five forces are included in Porters model (1) Threat of New Entrants, (2) Threat of Substitute Products or Services, (3) Bargaining Power of Buyers, (4) Bargaining Power of Suppliers, (5) Competitive Rivalry among Existing Firms.The industrial analysis of Coca Cola Company and its brands on the basis of this five-force model is discussed belowThreat of New Entrants/Potential Competitors Median PressureAs far as beverage industry is concerned, the barriers to the new entrants are relatively low because the cost of consumer switching in this particular industry is approximately zero with quite low requirements for capital investments. A calculate of new products have been introduced in the market at relatively lower prices than that of the products and brands of the Coca Cola Company.Threat of Substitute Products Median to high pressureThe consumer markets have a range of alternative products for soft-drinks, energy-drinks, juices and mineral water. It is an open fact that Coke products lack any unique flavor because its flavor is 97% similar to that of Pepsi as concluded during a blind taste test, in which people failed to distinguish Coca-Cola coke and Pepsi coke.The Bargaining Power of Buyers Low pressureAs far as bargaining power of consumers is concerned, Coca-Cola and Pepsi, which is Coca-colas biggest rival, have almost same market price thus, it has very little or even 0 pressure on the company. However, fresh introduced, low-priced beverages are available in markets which can be preferred by the consumers but at the risk of flavor and quality. Fruit juices are the most preferred drink for the consumers these days as most of the consumers have become health conscious and thus are aware about the adverse impacts of change beverages.The Bargaini ng Power of Suppliers Low pressureIn case of Coca-Cola supplies all over the world, its suppliers are not concerned about the adverse impacts of such carbonate drinks as they cant afford losing Coca-Cola, which is considered as their fundamental client.Rivalry Among Existing Firms High PressurePepsi is the biggest competitor of Coca Cola in recent propagation as it also has variety of beverage products with strong international network. More or less Pepsi and Coca Cola are rated similarly in all over the world. However, the target market of Coca-Cola, as per its classical brand image, is the adult community primarily however, youngsters are being focused by the Pepsi group. Nonetheless, the share market of the US is slightly dominated by Coca-Cola rather than Pepsi due to its historical business setup. On the other hand, beverage brands, like Dr. Pepper, have also become popular in US for the reason of their unique flavors.DiscussionIf Coca Cola Company manages to make the most inn ovation for creating relations and gaining market reputation, the company can easily left all the competitors behind and can stay ahead of them in one way or other.Innovation can be the first and foremost option for the company to avoid severe market competition. By employing innovative ideas, the company is expected to have strong competitive advantage with respect to its rivals. As a matter of fact, Coca Cola has certain market reputation as well as strong brand image so, with appropriate innovation in products by keeping customer needs at front, the company can generate certain curiosity among its potential consumers in such a way that people will definitely want to go for it. If Coca Cola comes up with innovative products, consumers will leave with no substitutes and thus, they will happily purchase the commodity even at higher prices. With this strategy, Coca Cola can create a range of loyal customers as well (Covering S1, S2, S4, S5, S7, T1, T2 and T3).After innovation, market ing is the most important factor to be mulled over by the administration of the company to maintain its blow around the globe. merchandising is considered as the backbone for any business success and thus, is extremely significant factor for the company. Coca Cola can affirm its long-lasting market prominence and reputation by marinating strong brand image through strategic marketing and advertising of allied products. This strategy will also help the company in maintaining strong consumer loyalty towards its brands and can gain consumer preferences over its competitors (Covering W2, W3, W4, O1, O2, O3, and O4).Marketing in an environment friendly attitude can definitely help the company to impose certain barriers to the new market entrants and thus can decrease the risks and threats of growing competition in the relevant industry all over the world (Covering T1, T4, T5, S2, S4, S5, and S6).If Coca Cola brands manage to sustain their quality and taste in such a way that these two f actors emerged as unmatchable for rival companies, Coca Cola will be able to reduce severe threats of being substituted (Covering S1, S4, S2, O1, O2, and O3).Coca Cola Company miss-utilized resources of rare water in various Asian countries, like India and Pakistan, which serve as the primary reason of companys declining market reputation in this particular region. This mis-utilization adversely impacted the brand image of the company, as the trim back water levels in cola plant are certainly making the lives of the natives miserable. To gain positive reputation in the Asian countries Cola Company can follow the measures listed belowLand inspection before starting any projectAssessment of environmental impacts that the project can have prior to start up business operationsThe project should be compliant with environmental regulatory requirementsSay NO to refrigeration equipments containing CFCEfficient treatment of devastate waterAdequate operations for bottlingCommencement of cer tain programs for energy conservationLatest technologies for water recycling system should be used by the company for saving 50% of water requirements for the operations (Covering W3, W4, and T4)With recycling of plastic bottles, costs and resources could be saved. By employing various innovative recycling ideas in companys business along with appealing advertising of Coca Cola brands can open new market segments for the company. In due course, company will have higher revenues and change credit rating (Covering W1, W4, T1, T3, and T4).ConclusionThis paper attempted to analyze the strategic business planning of the Coca Cola Company exhaustively. The study affirms that company is in its booming stages and is enjoying profitable success and reputation all over the world. However, from a superficial overlook, the afore-mentioned fact might be considered as true but, in-depth analysis of what business strategies the Coca Cola company has, evidently reflects the existence of certain lo opholes due to which the company is exposed to certain risks and market threats. Even though company has god market reputation, but innovative and unique brand ideas are required to be practiced so that the credit rating of the company could be improvised. In addition, it was also concluded that owing to severe market competitions, the company should put much emphasis on its advertising techniques so as to make its market prominence even more visible. Last but not the least, Coca Cola company has failed to comply with the health requirement regulations in specifically Asian countries which serve as the reason of its declined reputation in that particular area. Thus, company has to put much focus on this domain to reduce negative consumer perceptions and to make them loyal with the brand and products.

The Meaning Of Life Philosophy Essay

The Meaning Of Life Philosophy EssayThe universal question What is the meaning of heart? has been asked since the wampum of civilization. The answer from people in todays society may differ greatly from the answers of those from roman letters and Greek civilizations thousand years back. The great philosophers, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and the Roman Stoics have contributed what we pay gives our life value. Each philosopher gives their own perspective of life which raises many questions by many for years.Through the typographys of Xenophon and Plato we learn what Socrates visions he had of life. One principle feeling from Socrates is that the Meaning of life is through thought. What we can acquire from Socrates is he believed that gays will do what is good to achieve happiness. until now it is finding what is the true tender-heartede good? Through Socrates teachings he wanted those to learn that there was a difference between opinion and knowledge. He believed that throug h questioning others opinion and demo others their opposition correct began the truth of knowledge. This leads to that truth can be acquired through dialect.Ultimately, Socrates focus is on ones ethics. It is our morals that make life what it is meant to be. He believes that if one does victimize then they do non clearly understand or have not experiences the good of life. There is no clarity to them on the virtues of love, morality, or anything else ethical. However if one never does anything wrong and is always good then they will never have reason to do wrong.Given that Plato was a student of Socrates his teachings and writing intertwine with Socrates. The importance of life to Plate would be best represented in his sixth book the Republic. Plato looks for answers about what is the ideal government, fair individuality, and what is good for the human soul. The Republic looks towards answer of government being based on justice, wisdom, courage, and temperance. Plato believed hap piness would be achieved this ideal government which had an abolitions of families and private property.Platos visible and intelligible worlds is the conception of the continuation of discovering truth and knowledge which leads to lifes happiness. In the visible world we can only have an opinion and with the intelligible world we find the knowledge. When that ultimate knowledge is observed then that one can have good and meaning in their life. Plato wants people to discover the truth beyond their existence.Aristotle thoughts differ greatly from those of Plato and Socrates. His ideas form a naturalist view. The value of life to Aristotle shapes around the thought of the bodys soul, thinking, and ones perception. The individual can take properly take in what they see from the outside world and as well what they seem in themselves. Aristotle disagrees with Platos the Republic in which plurality is what is needed. He claims that Platos theories would not allow happiness do too many f laws. Aristotle believed that the good life was the city-state and it cannot be done alone but only as a community.To Aristotle the worth of life begins with human activity. Happiness can be obtained first though personal experiences. He describes that it is not one thing alone that leads to happiness but multiple things such pleasure and work. However pleasure and work in moderation and not excess. Aristotle emphasizes that lifes meaning lies in our friendship and lovers. Humans are also able to have emotions in their souls like other animals but human differ from that they can control emotions. Since human can control their emotions and desires properly it lead one to moral virtues.The Roman Stoics philosophy revolved around concept of the logos. Everything that surrounded one on earth including God was materialism according to Stoics. Virtus was well respected by Romans and with virtus being acknowledged one could fully accept their lifes situation. There was also no discriminati on between male, female, salve, and free as opposed to Plato. The main goal for the Stoic was happiness. Nevertheless this happiness could only be achieved through the quest of virtue. This ideal of living with virtue meant living with reason within logos. It described by the Stoics to preserve happiness if to avoid emotion and passion.Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and the Roman Stoics philosophies vary but in many ways conform to each other. Aristotle philosophies of life and writings are most appealing to me. Although I do not agree entirely with everything Aristotle has stated I find he is the most leveled headed philosopher to my standards. Aristotles belief that the individual and the community need to come together in the city-state is a philosophy that I strongly agree with. However, I do not agree with Aristotles soul and body relations. I find that Plato and Socrates to be too radical especially with Platos the Republic.The philosophers may have shaped many ideals of what is thought to be meaning of life. Theories from Plato to Aristotle to The Stoics have given the individuals over the past thousands years to today aliment for thought.

Pollen Analysis :: essays research papers

The remains of ancient plants can provide a wealth of archaeological information about a site, with many methods being available to the archeologist engaged in extracting this data. Perhaps one of the most widely-known of these proficiencys, possibly because of its attractive nature, is pollen analysis - a technique developed in the early years of the ordinal century by, like so many archaeological techniques, a geologist -- the Norwegian Lennart van Post. To understand the technique and the uses to which it may be put, we must first find the biological nature of the material itself.Because of a hard outer shell - the exine - pollen is particularly resistant to chemical attack and will survive in most conditions the only environments which are truly hostile to this shell are abrasion, such as may be the case on sandy sites, and oxidation. However, the most lucky conditions for preservation of the pollen record are acidic, anaerobic sites such as peat bogs. This high degree of s urvivability combines with another factor inherent in the nature of pollen - the large meat produced - to make pollen analysis one of the most important tools available to the archaeologist. Though one further factor in the make-up of pollen enhances its value, namely the wide geomorphological variation between pollen from different plant species, most of which can be detected and classified using normal laboratory equipment.Pollen analysis is a technique which demands a high level of skill on the part of the excavator, scientist and interpreter to enable it to fulfil its potential. Collection of pollen savours can prove troublesome, the risk of cross-contamination is significant and efforts must be made to minimize the effect of any excavational bias. The number and ratio of pollen grains present in a sample can also be skewed by factors such as the orientation of the site and the nature of the pollen grains themselves, for example, trees such as pine produce much greater quant ities of pollen than species such as oak tree and thus have a tendency to overrepresent themselves in the pollen record.Once collected the pollen is extracted from the soil, usually in the laboratory to avoid contamination, and analysed using a light, or scan electron microscope (SEM). The wide differentiation in the size, shape and colour of the pollen grains enables identification to be made down to genera level. Following identification, the individual exines in a sub-set of the sample are quantified and plotted on a pollen analysis diagram, usually as a percentage of the whole.

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay: Gender Roles and Feminism -- Feminism Fem

Gender Roles and Feminism in To Kill a flouterWhen the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, was written by harpist Lee, the Southern United States was still clinging tightly to traditional values. Southern societies pressured men to be earn as gentlemen, and women were expect to be polite and wear dresses. These stringent gender roles were adhered to in small southern towns because they were isolated from the more progressive attitudes in other areas of the United States. Harper Lee documents the life of one young girl growing up in the small town of Maycomb, Alabama. denim Louise Finch, also known as Scout, is a young girl searching for her identity. Scout, a young tomboy, is pressured by adults who insist she should conform to the traditional role of a southern lady. Harper Lee establishes and promotes Jeans masculinity through the use of nicknames, fighting, and masculine clothing, while contrasting her with women that fit the stereo natural female model. In traditional society, paren ts name children according to their gender. vulgar names for boys include John, Robert and James, whereas Elizabeth, Sarah, and Cathy represent standard names for girls. The author gives her main character two common female titles, Jean Louise. Many southern females save two first names which reinforces their role in society as a Southern Belle, or a traditional southern lady. Lee contrasts this passing feminine name with her masculine label, Scout. Scout, Im Jem tellin you for the last time, shut your trap or go home - I declare to the Lord youre gettin more like a girl every day (52). It seems interesting Lee assigns Jean Louise such a manly name. Although the nickname accurately describes her personality, it does not seem a... ...she describes the pompous women. The author uses the womens conversations to accentuate the reasons Scout remains a tomboy and refuses the traits of Maycomb females. Harper Lee provides the reader with several examples of typical Maycomb females. S he establishes Scouts masculinity with fighting and explains her demeanor by contrasting it with the typical female adults of the novel. The author also allows Jean Louise to wear masculine clothing and gives her a manly nickname. Therefore, the author favors Scouts unique personality and implies women do not have to act in a stereotypical manner. The book might inspire young girls to become independent and create their own unique personalities. To Kill a Mockingbird emerges as an important novel that contradicts female society and suggests that girls should not feel pressure to act in scripted womanly roles.